20 BTJDS. 



7. Stipe. 



STIPE, (stipes) is applied to the stern or leafless 

 part supporting a frond, pi.' 2, fig. 8, a.; to the stalk of 

 a fungus, pi. 2, fig. 9, a. ; and to the slender thread 

 which in many of the compound flowers, such as the 

 Dandelion, elevates the hairy or feathery crown (pap- 

 pus,) with which the seeds are furnished, and connects 

 with the seed. 



CHAP. II. 



BUDS. 



THE BUD, (gemma) contains the essential parts of 

 a plant, covered by scales in order to protect the tender 

 rudiments enclosed during the winter. 



Observation. 1. The scales of buds envelop each other closely 

 and enfold the infant plant or branch. Externally they have often 

 an additional guard of gum, resin or woolliness against wet and 

 cold. 



2. That buds contain all that is essential to constitute a'perfect 

 plant is proved beyond a doubt by producing plants from buds. 

 This is done either by placing them immediately in the earth or by 

 introducing them into the bark of another plant, which last is 

 termed inoculation. So analogous are buds to seeds that some 

 plants, besides seeds, produce a set of buds or bulbs, which are 

 destined to propagate the plant by falling into the earth and vege- 

 tating. " Plants considered in analogy to animals may properly 

 enough be reckoned both oviparous and viviparous. Seeds are the 

 vegetable eggs ; buds, living infant plants which renew their spe- 

 cies as certainly as the seed.*' Milne, 



3. Buds, together with bulbous roots, which are buds under 

 ground, constitute what Linnaeus termed HIBERNACXE, (hybernacu- 

 lum) that is, the winter-quarters of plants. See observation, p. 8. 



FOLIATION, (foliatio.) 



By foliation or vernation (vernatio*) Linnseus ex- 

 presses the curious manner in which the leaves are 

 folded or wrapped up in the buds. 



* Vernatio, the terra employed by Linuxus in bis later works instead 



Milne. 



