LEAVES. 31 



5. CARTILAGINOUS, Qprtilaginum) hard and hor- 

 ny. Ex. Saxifraga callosa*. 



6. DENTATE, (dentatumS) PL 6, fig. 18. Tooth- 

 ed $ beset with projecting, horizontal, rather distant 

 teeth of its own substance. Ex. Arrow wood, Vibur- 

 num dentatum. 



7. SERRATE, (serratumS) PI. 6, fig. 19. When 

 the teeth are sharp and resemble those of a saw, point- 

 ing toward the extremity of the leaf. Ex. Rose. 



Observation. Examples of this are frequent. 



8. DOUBLY SERRATE, (duplicate serratuiri) having 

 a series of smaller serratures intermixed with the large. 

 Ex. Black Birch, Betula lenta. 



9. MINUTELY SERRATE, (serrulatuni) is used when 

 the teeth are very fine. 



10. CREMATE, (crenatum.) PI. 6, fig. 20. When 

 the teeth are rounded and not directed toward either 

 end of the leaf. Ground-Ivy, Glechoma hederacea. 



11. JAGGED, (erosumS) PI. 7, fig. 1. Irregularly 

 cut or notched, especially when otherwise divided be- 

 sides. Ex. Hogweed, Chenopodium riride. 



12. REPAND, (repandum^ PI. 7, fig. 2. Wavy; 

 bordered with numerous minute angles and small seg- 

 ments of circles alternately. 



13. GLANDULAR, (glandulosum.) Ex. Bay -leaved 

 Willow, Salix pentandria. 



14. RE VOLUTE, (revolutum) when the margin is 

 turned or rolled backward. Ex. Kalmia glauca. 



15. INVOLUTE, (involutum) the reverse of the pre- 

 ceding. 



16. CONDUPLICATE, (coiiduplicaiurn) folded when 

 the margins are brought together in a parallel direc- 

 tion. 



VI. Surface. 



Terms expressive of different kinds of surface, ap- 

 plying equally to the leaf, and to the stem, have been 



