48 FRUCTIFICATION. 



Observation. This part is of an infinite variety of forms, in dif- 

 ferent genera, being- either simple or compound, regular or irreg- 

 ular, equal or unequal. In some instances it is permanent until 

 the fruit is ripe, in others it is caducous, falling even before the 

 flower is well expanded. 



2. The Perianth is much the most common kind of calyx. " It 

 is the calyx properly and commonly so called," being sometimes 

 denominated Calyx by way of eminence, as though there were no 

 others. Tke genus Anemone, for example, is defined to be " with- 

 out a calyx," while several of the species are acknowledged to 

 have that kind of calyx called involucrum. 



2. INVOLUCRE, (involucrum.*) PI. 11, fig. 3. A calyx 

 remote from the flower. Ex. Hemlock, Conium macu- 

 latum. 



Observation. It usually accompanies an umbel. 



1. Universal involucre, (involucrum universale) 

 when the leaflets are placed at the origin of the univer- 

 sal umbel. PI. 11, fig. 3, a. 



2. Partial, (pariiale) when the leaflets are placed 

 at the foot of a partial umbel. PL 11, fig. 3, b. 



3. Dimidiate, (dimidiatuin) placed only on one side. 

 Not going all round. 



Observation* The term involucrum has been applied to the mem- 

 branes covering the fructification of ferns* Inducium has also 

 been applied to the same. 



3. AMENT, (amentum.') PL 13, fig. 2, 3, &4. Cat- 

 kin. A species of calyx, consisting of a number of scales 

 ranged along a common thread-like receptacle, each 

 protecting one or more stamens or pistils. Ex, It is 

 the most common calyx of the forest trees, Oak, Wal- 

 nut, Chesnut, Birch, Alder, Hazlcnut, &c. 



Observation. The whole forms an aggregate flower. 



4. SPATHE, (spathn.} PL 13, fig. 5. A calyx which 

 bursts longitudinally, and is more or less remote from 

 the flower. Ex. Common Blue Flag, Iris, and Nar- 

 cissus. 



Observation. In many cases the spatlie is of a membranous tex- 

 ture, and withers soon after the flower is evolved. 



