;i6 MAMMALIA. 



Family Ursicbe Bears. The molars have broad tuberculated crowns. 

 The three anterior premolars are usually rudimentary. The 



3 T 4 2 



auditory bulla is depressed. Ursus, , absent from Ethiopian 



3M3 



and Australian regions, represented in the Neotropical region by 



only one species, elsewhere widespread. 

 Family Procyonidae The Himalayan Panda (AZlurzis fulgens], the 



American raccoon (Procyori}. 

 Family Mustelidae The otter (Lutra\ the sea-otter (Latax lutris], 



the skunk (Mephitis}, the badger (Meles], the ratel (Mellivora), 



the marten, sable, polecat, stoat, weasel (Mustela}. 



Sub-Order PINNIPEDIA. Seals, Eared Seals, and Walruses. 



These are marine Carnivores, unable to move readily on land, but 

 coming ashore for breeding purposes. They feed for the most part on 

 fish, molluscs, and crustaceans. Absent from the Tropics, they are 

 represented on most of the coasts in Temperate and Arctic zones. Many 

 are markedly gregarious. 



The upper parts of the limbs are included within the skin and general 

 contour of the body. There are five well-developed digits connected 

 by a web of skin. In the hind-foot the first and fifth toes are generally 

 stouter and longer than the rest. There are no clavicles. The tail is 

 very short. 



The small milk-teeth are absorbed before or immediately after 



birth. The incisors are always fewer than - ; there are no carnassials ; 



the back teeth have pointed cusps often sloping slightly backwards. 



The brain is large and well-convoluted. The eyes are large and pro- 

 minent, with a flat cornea. The external ear is small or absent. 



The caecum is very short. The kidneys are divided into lobules. 

 The mammae are two or four in number, and lie on the abdomen. 

 Family Otariidae Eared or fur-seals, connecting the Pinnipeds with 

 the Fissipeds. The hind-feet can be turned forward and used on 

 land in the usual fashion. The palms and soles are naked. 

 There is a small external ear. The testes lie in an external 

 scrotum. 



3, i, 4, 1-2 



The sea-lion Otaria, > supplies the seal skin of commerce. 



2, I, 4, I 



Family Trichechidae Walruses, intermediate between the Otariidae 



and the seals. The hind feet can be turned forwards and used 



on land. The upper canines form large tusks ; the other teeth 



are small, single rooted, and apt to fall out ; those generally in 



1130 _ 3132 



use are > but the dentition of the fcetus is 



0130 3131 



The jaw seems relatively short, an adaptation perhaps to mussel- 

 crushing instead of fish-catching. 

 There are no external ears. 

 The walrus or morse, Trichechus. 

 Family Phocidae Seals, the most specialised Pinnipeds. The hind- 



