722 MAMMALIA. 



the cerebellum; "the middle or transverse portion of the 

 colon is almost always folded or convoluted on itself;" there 

 may be abdominal mammae ; the uterus is bicornuate ; the 

 placenta is diffuse. The dentition of Lemurs varies greatly; 



in some it is ^|. 



The Lemurs are small, furry, monkey-like quadrupeds. 

 Many are nocturnal, all arboreal. They feed on fruits 

 and leaves, on eggs and small animals. Seven genera 

 live in Madagascar, three genera occur in the African 

 continent, and other three genera are represented here 

 and there in Oriental forests as far east as the Philippines 

 and Celebes. 



As remains of extinct Lemurs are found in Europe and N. America, 

 the distribution of the order is now greatly restricted, and no less 

 than thirty out of the total of fifty species are confined to Madagascar. 

 Wallace concludes from the distribution of Lemurs that there must have 

 been "a large tract of land in what is now the Indian Ocean, connect- 

 ing Madagascar on the one hand with Ceylon, and with the Malay 

 countries on the other. About the same time (but perhaps not contem- 

 poraneously) Madagascar must have been connected w 7 ith some portion 

 of Southern Africa ; and the whole of the country would possess no 

 other Primates but Lemuroidea." Whether this be altogether true or 

 not, it is certain that the Lemurs are absent from regions where once 

 they lived, that most of the modern forms are found (like the Marsupials) 

 on an island, that this insulated race has evolved in several specialised 

 directions, that outside of Madagascar the Lemurs maintain their exist- 

 ence on a few other islands, or by hiding in the forests. 



There are three chief types : 



(a) That of the Lemuridoe, e.g., in Madagascar Lemur, and the 



large Indris (2 feet long), in Africa Galago, in Malay 

 Nycticebus, in India and Ceylon Loris. 



(b) Tarsius, a specialised Indo-Malayan type with many peculiari- 



ties, e.g., the calcaneum and navicular are elongated like the 

 calcaneum and astragalus in the frog. 



(c) Chiromys, the Aye- Aye, a specialised Madagascar type, with 



many peculiarities, e.g. , with incisors like those of Rodents, 

 and with a very much attenuated middle finger. 



Order 10. ANTHROPOIDEA. 



This order includes five families. 

 Family 5. Hominidse. Man. 



4. Simiidae. Anthropoid Apes. \ Old World 



3. Cercopithecidse. Baboons. / Catarrhini. 



2. Cebidae. American Monkeys. \ New World 



i. Hapalidae. Marmosets. / Platyrrhini. 



