392 CALCIFICATION, CONCRETIONS, AND INCRUSTATIONS 

 PNEUMONOKONIOSIS 



In a number of cases of the different forms of this condition 

 quantitative analyses have been made, which may be briefly 

 discussed as follows : Not only does tl^e lung of every adult 

 contain considerable amounts of coal-pigment stored up in the 

 connective tissues (and also in the peribronchial glands), but 

 also, which is perhaps less generally appreciated, considerable 

 quantities of silicates are also present (chalicosis) from inhaled 

 dust. Woskressensky l found silicates in all of 54 lungs 

 examined, except two from infants. The lungs of individuals 

 whose occupations do not expose them especially to dust inhala- 

 tion contain increasing amounts of silicates in direct proportion 

 to age ; the silicates constitute then from 3.5 to 10 per cent, of 

 the total ash of the lungs. There is always a larger proportion 

 of silicates in the peribronchial glands than in the lungs, con- 

 stituting from 6 to 36 per cent, of the ash, corresponding with 

 Arnold's observation that in gold-beaters the glands contain 

 more metal than the lungs. In stone-workers Schmidt found a 

 higher proportion of SiO 2 in the lungs than in the glands. In 

 normal adults the amount of coal-pigment is greater than the 

 amount of silicates ; in children the reverse is the case. 



Thorel 2 reports that the lungs of a worker in soapstone con- 

 tained 3.25 per cent, of ash, including 2.43 per cent, of soap-stone. 



In siderosis iron has been found in the lungs in proportions 

 varying from 0.5 per cent, to 7.9 per cent, of the dry weight, 

 the last amount having been found by Langguth 3 in the lungs 

 of an iron miner, which contained also 11.92 per cent, of SiO 2 . 



An analysis of a lung from a knife-grinder is reported by 

 Hodenpyl, 4 which gave the following results : Total weight of 

 dried and powdered lung, 48.1009 grams ; total solids, 44.7986 ; 

 ether-soluble substance, 14.6017. Composition of the ether- 

 soluble substance : free fatty acids, 7.498; neutral fats, 4.044 ; 

 cholesterin, 3.037. Proteids, 15.4759 ; charcoal (total carbon 

 less proteid carbon), 7.198 ; ash, 4.2903. The composition of 

 the ash (in grams) was as follows : K 2 O, 0.2167 ; Na 2 O, 

 0.3523; CaO, 0.0965; Fe 9 O 3 , 0.0879; A1 2 O 3 , 1.4628; SO 3 , 

 0.0704 ; P 2 O 5 , 0.9565 ; SiO 2 , 1.2043. The amount of emery, 

 represented by the oxides of aluminum and silicon made up 

 more than one-half of the ash, and the iron constituted about 

 one-fourth. The man had worked at the trade of knife-grinder 

 for about fifteen years. 



1 Cent. f. Path., 1898 (9), 296. 2 Ziegler's Beitr., 1896 (20), 85. 



3 Deut. Arch. klin. Med., 1895 (55), 255. 4 Medical Record, 1899 (56), 942. 



