PANCREATIC GLYCOSURIA 525 



Adrenalin glycosuria, which follows administration of active 

 preparations of the adrenal by any route, has been discussed 

 elsewhere (see "Adrenal," page 501). The most marked 

 effects follow intraperitoneal injection, apparently because of 

 direct action upon the pancreas, for minute quantities painted 

 upon the surface of the pancreas cause a prompt glycosuria 

 (Herter and Wakemann ! ). Underbill 2 has found that piper- 

 idine produces similar effects, but also causes glycosuria equally 

 well if painted upon the spleen, the effect being prevented by 

 administration of oxygen. He suggests that piperidine, potas- 

 sium cyanide, ether, chloroform, morphine, strychnine, curare, 

 and many other similar substances owe their effect to an action 

 upon the respiratory center, causing dyspnea and consequent 

 diminution of oxidation of carbohydrate material. Adrenalin 

 glycosuria, however, is not prevented by administering oxygen ; 

 therefore, it must be considered as essentially different from the 

 glycosuria caused by the above-mentioned chemicals. 3 



4. PANCREATIC GLYCOSURIA 



This form of glycosuria is of the greatest interest, not only 

 because it seems to be most closely related to human diabetes, 

 but also because it opens up for consideration some of the 

 long obscure points concerning the internal secretion of the 

 pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism. Since the experiments 

 of v. Mering and Minkowski in 1889, 4 we have known that 

 extirpation of the pancreas results in severe glycosuria, and 

 that this depends upon the lack of some internal secretion of 

 the pancreas, and not upon absence of the pancreatic juice that 

 escapes into the intestine. This last point was conclusively 

 shown by the fact that retention of a small portion of the 

 pancreas from 10 to 20 per cent, of its original bulk 

 prevents the development of glycosuria, even when the re- 

 tained portion has been transplanted to another part of the 

 body. The glycosuria appears from three to five hours after 

 the operation ; at first profound, it decreases in amount as 

 the glycogen is lost from the liver, but -never disappears, even 



^wanoff (Cent f. Physiol, 1906 (19), 891) has found that adrenalin 

 increases the rate of discharge of sugar from the isolated, glycogen-rich liver, 

 through which salt solution is being transfused. 



2 Jour. Biol. Chem., 1905 (1), 113. 



3 Glaessner (Wien. klin. Woch., 1906 (19), No. 30) has observed transient 

 glycosuria following severe over-cooling; e. g., attempted drowning. The 

 glycosuria is probably due to defective oxidation. 



4 " Diabetes Mellitus nach Pankreasexstirpation," Leipzig, 1889 : also Arch, 

 exp. Path. u. Pharm., 1890 (26), 371. 



