XX. 



THE OYSTER, SCALLOP, CLAM, MUSSEL, AND ABALONE INDUSTRIES. 



By ERNEST INGKERSOLL. 



1. THE OYSTEE INDUSTRY. 



1. Introduction, defining American oysters. 



2. Geographical distribution of American oysters. 



3. History of decline of natural resources. 



4. Northern " bedding" of Chesapeake oysters. 



5. Tue transplanting of native seed. 



6. Culture of oysters from the spawn. 



7. The marketing of oysters in the shell. 



8. The marketing of oysters "opened." 



9. Utilization of oyster shells.' 

 10. Statistical summary. 



2. THE SCALLOP FISHERY. 



1. Natural history of the scallop. 



2. Apparatus and methods of capture. 



3. Disposition of the catch. 



4. Extent of the scallop fishery. 



3. THE CLAM FISHERIES. 



1. The principal species of American clams used for food. 



a. SOFT CLAMS. 



2. Natural history of Mya arenaria. 

 . 3. The fishery in Maine. 



4. The fishery in Massachusetts. 



5. The fishery in Narragansett Bay and Connecticut. 



6. The fishery at Long Island. 



7. The fishery from New Jersey southward. 



8. The soft clam on the Pacific coast. 



9. The uses of soft clams. 



10. Statistical recapitulation. 



Z. QUAHAUGS. 



11. Natural history of Venus mercenaria. 



12. Apparatus and methods of gathering quahaugs. 



13. Importance of quahaugs for food. 



14. The principal markets. 



15. The clamming grounds. 



16. Statistical recapitulation. 



c. SEA CLAMS. 



17. Distribution, methods of gathering, and uses of sea 



clams. 



d. CLAMS OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 



18. Commercial importance of Pacific coast clams. 



e. THE RAZOR FISH. 



19. Natural history and commercial importance of the 



razor fish. 



/. STATISTICAL RECAPITULATION. 



20. Statistics of clam fisheries of the United States. 



1. The species, geographical distribution, and the habits 

 of mussels. 



4. THE MUSSEL FISHERY. 



2. Commercial importance of mussels. 



5. THE ABALONE FISHERY. 



Methods of gathering and commercial importance of the abalone. 



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