318 



FISHERIET OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. 



TRUNKFISH (Ostradidse). Different species are known as "cuck- 

 old," "cowfish," "horned trunkfish," "spotted trunkfish," etc. 

 They are a tropical fish found in small numbers on the Florida coast. 



TUNNY. See Horse-mackerel. 



TURBOT. See Flounder. The true turbot (Bothinx) is not found 

 on the American coast. 



TURTLES. See Green turtle, Hawks-bill turtle, Loggerhead, and 

 Terrapin. 



UNICORN. See Narwhal. 



WALL-EYED PIKE. See Pike perch. 



WALRUS (Odontobxnus rosmarus and 0. obesus). A marine mam- 

 mal, found in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It attains a 

 length of 16 feet and a weight of 2, 000 pounds; averages about one- 

 fourth less. They are captured by means of the rifle, harpoon, and 

 lance, and are valuable for their oil, tusks, hide, and flesh. 



WARMOUTH (Chxnobryttus gulosus). A small food fish, found 

 abundantly in sluggish waters from Virginia to Texas, sometimes as 

 far north as Lake Michigan. It is also called "perch, " "sunfish, " 

 "goggle-eye," "red-eye," etc. The average weight is about 1 

 pound. 



WHITE BASS (Roccus chrysops). A food fish, found abundantly 

 in the Great Lakes region and in the Ohio and upper Mississippi, 

 chiefly in deep and still waters. It is also called "striped bass. " 

 Its usual weight is from 1 to 3 pounds. It is caught on hooks, and 

 ranks high as a food fish. 



WHITEFISH (Coregonus). They form one of the most important, 

 groups of fresh-water fishes of America. The common whitefish (Ce 

 clupeaformis) is the most valued of the tribe, although the others ar 

 highly esteemed as a food. It is found in the Great Lakes region and 

 is known as "humpback, " "bowback, " and "highback " whitefish; 

 also as ' ' Otsego bass " in the neighborhood of Otsego Lake, N . Y. It 

 is caught chiefly in gill nets, and averages less than 4 pounds in 

 weight. Other economic species are the Rocky Mountain whitefish 

 (C. mlliamsoni); the Menominee whitefish (C. quadrilateralis) also 

 locally known as "round whitefish," "frostfish," "shadwater, " 

 "pilot fish," "chivey, " "blackback, " etc. The whitefishes be- 

 long to the salmon family. The name is also applied to the bluefish 

 (Pomatomus saltatrix) on the Hudson; to the menhaden (Brevoortia 

 tyrannus) in western Connecticut; to the tilefish (Caulolatilus 

 princeps) in California; and to the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) 

 by whalers. 



WHITE PERCH ( Morone americana). This bass is an important food 

 fish, found very abundantly along the Atlantic coast from South Caro- 

 lina to Nova Scotia; it also occurs in brackish waters in the mouths 

 of rivers, and is sometimes landlocked in fresh-water ponds. It is 

 the common "perch" of the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states. 

 The average length is 8 to 9 inches. It is caught with seines, nets, 

 hook and line, etc., and is used very extensively for food. The 

 name is also applied to the fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grun- 

 niens) in the Ohio River, and to the porgee (Damalichthys argyroso- 

 mus) on the California coast. 



WHITING (Meniicirrhus saxatilis). This fish is otherwise known as 

 the "kingfish" and "sea-mink"; it is abundant from Cape Ann to 

 Pensacola. The sand-whiting (M. americanus), also known as 

 "deep-water whiting, " is abundant from Chesapeake Bay to Texas. 

 The surf-whiting ( M. littoral-is), also called the ''silver-whiting, " is 

 common from the Carolinas to Texas. The California whiting (M. 

 undulatus) is also known as the " sand -sucker. " On the coast of 

 Florida they are variously known as "kingfish," "barb," "bull- 

 head whiting, " and "ground mullet. " They attain a length of 10 

 inches and a weight of 1J pounds. They are caught with hook and 

 line and in seines, and are a food fish of considerable importance. 

 The name is also applied to the harvest-fish (Peprilus paru) at Nor- 

 folk, Va., and to the silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) on the New 

 England coast. 



WOLF-PISH (Anarhichas lupus). A large fish found off the New 

 England coast north of Nantucket Shoals. It is also called "cat- 

 fish. " The average length is about 4 feet; average weight about 25 

 pounds. It is caught on hooks and in seines, and is sold fresh, salted, 

 and dried and smoked. 



YELLOWTAIL (Bairdiella chrysura). An excellent food fish found 

 on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Texas; it is especially 

 abundant South. It is called "silver perch" on the coast of 

 New Jersey, and "mademoiselle" at Pensacola. It averages 8 

 inches in length. The name is also applied to the menhaden 

 (Brevoortia tyrannus) from North Carolina to Florida; to the 

 runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus) at Pensacola; to the sailor's 

 choice (Lagodon rhomboides) in the Indian River region; to the 

 amber-fish (Seriola dorsalis) on the California coast south of 

 Santa Barbara; and to the green rockfish (Sebastichthys flavidus) 

 at Monterey. 



