12 TOPOGRAPHY 



and Monkey's ; there is also one at Catalan Bay, but 

 which is seldom visited. The stalagmitic formation is 

 found not only in caverns, but also adhering to the 

 external surface of the rock, large fragments of which 

 are carried away for ornamental purposes. The 

 lamina? in some of these fragments are beautifully 

 waved, and not unlike jasper. These stalagmitic 

 formations bear a good polish, and are known by 

 the name of" Gibraltar Rock," and consequently are 

 erroneously supposed to constitute the prevailing rock 

 of Gibraltar. Of this rock are manufactured small 

 cannons, pillars, &c., for the mantel-piece, as also 

 personal ornaments. 



The conglomerate rock of which nearly two-thirds 

 of Gibraltar is composed, covers immense plateaus of 

 the limestone formation. Windmill Hill is a plateau 

 of a remarkable form, on which barracks for soldiers 

 are erected, and the vacant space is used for military 

 parades, &c. Nearly one hundred feet below this flat, 

 is another called "Europa Flat," which is about eighty 

 feet above the level of the sea. There are other flats 

 of smaller dimensions, such as those on which the 

 Naval and Ordnance Hospitals are built. The sur- 

 faces of these flats are rugged and very uneven. Pot- 

 like cavities are seen everywhere, and they are most 

 numerous on Europa flat. These curious cavities are 

 of various sizes, and are found even on the highest 

 part of the rock. Some of them, even there, are very 

 capacious, containing generally nodular bodies im- 

 bedded in a soft loamy or gravelly soil. I have 

 seen similar cavities on the highest hills on the road 



