150 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 



whorl, with reflexed bristles ; hedges ; Southern Switzer- 

 land (rare), Pyrenees. 



2. GALJUM, L. 



Flowers very small, white, red, or yellow, in axillary 

 or terminal cymes; calyx-limb annular; corolla usually 

 4-lobed; leaves (and stipules) in whorls of 4-1 2. Prostrate 

 or scrambling herbs with weak stem ; mostly lowland. 



A. Flowers yellow : G. Crudata t Scop.; leaves 4 in a 

 whorl, elliptic, hairy ; and verum, L. ; Lady's Bedstraw, 

 leaves 8-12 in a whorl, linear; are common lowland 

 plants ; also G. vernum, Scop. ; flowers few, leaves 4 in 

 a whorl, oval or lanceolate, ciliate ; stony places ; Ticino, 

 Pyrenees. G. ochroleucum, Wolf., is probably a hybrid. 



B. Flowers red or purple : G.purpureunt^ L. ; flowers 

 small, blood-red, in a branched panicle, flower-stalk de- 

 flexed, leaves 8-IO in a whorl, linear, mucronate; Southern 

 Switzerland, Carniola, Carinthia. G. rubrum, L.; flowers 

 large, wine-red, petals acuminate, leaves 8 in a whorl, 

 linear ; Switzerland, Tirol, Lombardy, rare. 



C. Flowers white, usually few ; stem and leaves more 

 or less hispid ; not alpine : G. palustre, L. (including 

 elongatum, PresL); and uliginosum, L., are common 

 English marsh species. G. Aparine, L., Goose-Grass, 

 Cleavers, with very hispid stem, leaves, and fruit, is 

 very common in hedges. G. tricorne, L., with larger 

 fruit, and the fruit -stalks arched and reflexed, occurs 

 occasionally in hedges. G. spurium, L. ( Vaillantii, DC.), 

 with very small greenish flowers and narrower leaves, 

 is found on cultivated land, especially among flax. G. 

 parisiense, L. (anglicum, Huds.) ; flowers greenish, leaves 



