26 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 



arvense, Scop., in meadows ; C. palustre. Scop., and pra- 

 tense, Willd. (anglicum, Lam.), in damp fields. 



The following are less common or are not English : 



A. Flowers yellow : C. oleraceum, Scop.; whole plant 

 soft and succulent, involucral bracts ending in a short 

 spine, leaves pale green, ciliate-spiny, upper part of stem 

 very leafy; wet meadows, common. C. spinosissimum, 

 Scop. ; involucral bracts ending in a long strong spine, 

 capitules surrounded by yellowish-white lanceolate spiny 

 pinnatifid leaves; alpine pastures, frequent. C. Erisi- 

 thales, Scop. ; capitules nodding, involucre viscid, not 

 surrounded by spiny leaves, stem nearly leafless above ; 

 pastures ; Switzerland, Jura, Dauphiny. C. carniolicum, 

 Scop. ; involucre not viscid, not surrounded by spiny 

 leaves, stem and stalk of capitule rusty-tomentose ; 

 Southern Tirol. C. glabrum, DC. ; flowers pale yellow, 

 involucre very spiny, surrounded by linear-lanceolate 

 dentate spiny leaves, leaves linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, 

 coriaceous; Pyrenees. 



B. Flowers purple; leaves with rough spines on the 

 upper surface : C. eriophorum, Scop. ; capitule very 

 large, webbed, leaves not decurrent ; subalpine pastures. 

 C. spathulatum, Gaud. ; resembling the last, but invo- 

 lucre less strongly webbed, bracts spathulate-concave, 

 with pectinate-ciliate appendages ; Ticino. 



C. Flowers purple ; leaves not spiny above : C. acaule, 

 Scop. ; plant nearly or quite stemless, capitule solitary, 

 sessile ; pastures, frequent. C. pauciflorum, Spreng. ; 

 leaves very large, all undivided, stem-leaves amplexicaul, 

 lowermost somewhat webbed ; pastures ; Styria, Car- 

 niola, local. C. tuberosum, All. ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, 

 root tuberous ; Western Switzerland. C. heterophyllum. 



