COMPOSITE 27 



All. ; leaves entire or pinnatifid, very soft, white-tomen- 

 tose beneath, stem 2-3 ft., cottony; pastures, frequent. 

 C. rivulare, Link ; capitules 2-4, large (up to f in.), on 

 long stalks, lower leaves usually undivided, stem nearly 

 leafless above ; damp pastures, frequent. C. montanum, 

 Spreng. ; stem leafy up to the summit, leaves deeply pin- 

 natifid ; Southern Tirol, rare. C. bulbosum, DC. ; capi- 

 tules few, on long stalks, leaves somewhat tomentose 

 beneath, root-fibres bulbous; Jura, Dauphiny, Geneva. 

 C, monspessulanum, All. ; capitules small, corymbose, stem 

 pubescent, winged, branched, involucre not webbed, bracts 

 with black spots ; Carniola, Styria, Dauphiny, Pyrenees. 



45. CARDUUS, L. 



Resembling Cirsium, but pappus-hairs rough and stiff, 

 united, deciduous. 



C. nutans, L., with large nodding heads ; crispus, L., 

 with much smaller erect heads and continuous wing to 

 the stem; and acanthoides, L., like the last, but with 

 fewer and larger heads and spiny bracts, are common 

 English thistles. 



The following are mostly not British : 



A. Capitules oblong or ovoid-oblong, deciduous when 

 mature : C. pycnocephalus, L. ; capitules small, in clusters, 

 wing of stem continuous; Geneva, Pyrenees, rare. C. 

 tenuiflorits, Curt. ; resembling the last, and scarcely distin- 

 guishable, capitules more numerous and smaller, wing 

 of stem broader ; Geneva, Pyrenees. 



B. Capitules globose or ovoid, not deciduous : C. 

 platylepis, Saut. ; capitule large, solitary, erect, involu- 

 cral bracts recurved, spiny; meadows, occasional. C. 



