196 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 



SUB-KINGDOM II. GYMNOSPERMS. 



Seeds naked, not enclosed in an ovary. (Orders 

 CII.-CIIL) 



Order CIL CONIFERS. 



Flowers unisexual, monoecious or dioecious ; perianth 

 o ; male flowers in false catkins, composed of one or 

 more anthers ; female flowers solitary or arranged, 

 usually in pairs, on the under side of open carpellary 

 leaves, which harden into woody scales, forming a cone ; 

 seeds often winged ; leaves usually rigid, subulate, often 

 in fascicles. Trees or shrubs, usually evergreen, and 

 mostly resinous. A rather large order, most abundant 

 in the colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere. 



i. JUNIPERUS, L. 



Male catkins small ; female cones ripening the second 

 year, few-flowered, small, globose, berry -like, resinous, 

 composed of fleshy scales, blue when ripe; ovules 1-2 

 under each scale ; leaves subulate or scale-like, resinous. 



J. communis, L., Juniper; open hill -sides; Switzer- 

 land, Pyrenees. /. nana, Willd. (alpina, Clus.) (PI. 1 20) ; 

 leaves linear, shorter and broader than in the last, in 

 whorls of 3, stem prostrate or ascending ; open hill-sides, 

 high ; Switzerland, Jura, Tirol, Carpathians, Dauphiny, 

 Pyrenees. J. Sabina, L., Savin ; cone on a short re- 

 curved stalk, leaves of two kinds, small rhomboidal scales, 

 imbricate in four rows, and acicular, spreading; high; 

 Switzerland, Tirol, Carniola, Styria, Dauphiny, Pyrenees. 



