CONTENTS. XI 



CHAPTER XIV. 



FENCING, . . 146-177 



SECT. 



1. Stone Walls, . ... 147 



2. Wire Fences, . . ^_- . . 150 



3. Wooden Fences, . 156 



4. Thorn Hedges, ...... .159 



5. Turf Fences, . . . " i . . . . .165 



6. Fences made from Underwood, . . 167 



7. Gates, .167 



8. Sunk Fences, . . ... . - . . .174 



CHAPTER XV. 



DRAINING, ......... 178-194 



1. The Condition of Land requiring Draining, ..... 178 



2. The Draining of Meadow and Arable Lands, . . . 180 



3. The Draining of Hill-Pastures for Sheep, . . . . .185 



4. The Draining of Woods and Plantations, ..... 186 



5. The Draining of Bogs, . . . . . .189 



6. How to conduct Drainage Operations on an Estate, . . . 191 



7. Other Improvements which must follow Drainage to make it effectual, . 193 



CHAPTER XVI. 



ROAD-MAKING, ...... . 195-212 



1. The Benefit of good Roads, . . . . . .195 



2. Farm-Roads, ......... 196 



a Plantation-Roads, ... ~ ... . . . .200 



4. Walks, ... . . . . . .203 



5. Bridges, 204 



6. Stone-breaking Machines, ....... 207 



7. Repairing and improving existing Roads, ..... 209 



CHAPTER XVII. 



EMBANKMENTS, ........ 213-223 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



THE IMPROVEMENT OP OUR WASTE LANDS, ... . 224-239 



1. The Extent, Uses, and Capabilities of Waste Lands, . ... .224 



2. The Improvement of our Waste Lands by rearing Plantations on them, . 228 



3. The Reclamation of Waste Lands by Trenching, , . . . . : . 231 



4. The Reclamation of Waste Lands by Horse-Power, > . , . . 233 



5. The Reclamation of Waste Lands by Steam-Power, . . . 234 



