IMPROVEMENT OF LAND. 105 



advantage to himself, as, even in the improved state of things which is 

 now supposed to be in operation, the tenants have many risks to en- 

 counter and make good in order to meet their rents ; but the proprietor 

 is entitled, I should say, to have at least 7 per cent interest on his out- 

 lay as additional rent. It being assumed, therefore, that the improve- 

 ments cost in all a sum equal to 14 on each acre, this would add 

 1, Is. as additional rent on each acre ; and thus the rent per acre, after 

 making a liberal allowance to the farmers as their share of the advan- 

 tages, would be, under the improved state of their farms, 2, 3s., instead 

 of 1, 2s. as before. From this it is evident that the tenants would 

 not only sit under an improved state of things, but that the proprietor 

 himself would realise a high percentage for his outlay in the shape of 

 additional yearly rent. But independently of this, the proprietor would 

 have very greatly enhanced the value of his estate. Before the improve- 

 ments were undertaken on it, it has been assumed that the annual rental 

 of the property was 11,000. In this case its market value would then 

 be about 363,000, taking it at thirty-three years' purchase. In the 

 improved state, however, the yearly rental would amount to about 

 21,500, and from this the market value of the estate would be about 

 709,500, taking it at the same number of years' purchase. This is a 

 startling fact, and worthy of the best consideration of all landed proprie- 

 tors. This case which of course is partly assumed, but, notwithstanding, 

 on good grounds for being actually realised shows that, by laying out 

 140,000 on the improvement of an estate in the way recommended in 

 the last chapter, a proprietor may realise an additional annual income 

 of 10,500, and at the same time enhance the market value of his 

 estate to the extent of about 346,500 ; and the same advantages are 

 held out to every proprietor of land in proportion to the extent of his 

 property, whether that may be greater or less, and whatever may be the 

 natural capabilities of the land. 



SECTION 3. How would Manure be obtained in sufficient Quantity 

 for carrying out the, improved System recommended? 



The heading of this section is the purport of a question which has been 

 frequently put to me by farmers to whom I have spoken about the 

 necessity of a deeper system of cultivation being adopted, in order to 

 increase the fertility of our land, and consequently I think it right 

 to notice it. 



Whatever kind of husbandry may be pursued on a farm, or on a 

 number of farms, and whether the crops be wheat, oats, or barley, 



