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each plant fixed to the surface by a piece of willow, poplar, or alder. 

 These pieces should be about eighteen inches long, with a side branch 

 at one end to form a hook, so that it can be pushed into the sand its 

 full length, only leaving the hook pressing above the plant, and thus 

 keeping it fixed until it takes root. 



Willows are very useful for keeping the bank of a river together 

 the roots spread in the soil and bind the mass together. The elder is 

 also a very large fibrous-rooted plant, and grows well on our coasts in 

 sandy soils. 



