THE CONSTRUCTION OF FARM-BUILDINGS AND COTTAGES. 267 



first a cheap covering, and will do very well for temporary buildings, but 

 it should never be used where permanency is necessary. 



The construction of roofs, floors, partitions, &c., is charged at per 

 square of one hundred superficial feet, either to include both timber and 

 labour, or the latter only. 



The following weights of different timbers may be found useful : 



One ton of oak will contain 39 cubic feet. 

 ash 45 



beech 50 



elm 60 



pine 66 



Timber cut up eleven inches wide is generally called planks ; nine-inch 

 wide timber is called deals ; and seven-inch wide, battens. 



4. Spouting or rain-gutters is that which is used on the roofs of build- 

 ings to collect the rain-water. It is economical in many respects to have 

 spouting put up, as it prevents the water from running down the walls, 

 which it would otherwise do, and thus keep them damp. It is also a 

 great assistance in keeping the foundations dry. In the case of cattle- 

 courts, it prevents the rain from washing away the best part of the 

 manure ; and even for the collection of the water itself into cisterns or 

 tanks, it is an important matter. Cast-iron rain-water pipes are generally 

 sold in six-feet lengths, and the following are the prices of some sizes 

 made of cast iron : 



2 - inch diameter, .... Os. lOd. per yard. 

 2 .... Is. Od. 



3 . ^ . . Is. 2d. 



O"& jj . . . IS. OQ t jj 



4 .... Is. 9d. 



5 ... . ... 2s. 8d. 



They are also made of zinc ; but these, in my experience, are not so 

 durable as the cast iron. The prices of zinc guttering are 



2 - inch diameter, 3d. per foot. 



2* 44 



3 .'.... 4d. 



4 >. 6d. 



The cast-iron guttering should receive one coat of paint before it is put 

 up, and another after it is fixed. The mode of fixing guttering differs. 

 If the rafters project over the wall, the guttering may be fixed on to the 

 end of the rafter. If the rafter does not project over the wall, the 

 guttering may be fixed to the top of the rafter. 



5. Windows. Windows are capable of being very much improved 



