THE CONSTRUCTION OF FARM-BUILDINGS AND COTTAGES. 269 



lowgate, Glasgow, a premium for which was awarded by the Highland 

 and Agricultural Society of Scotland ; and it is thus described in the 

 ' Book of Farm-Buildings/ page 323 : 



" This window is extremely simple in its construction, and may with 

 safety be pronounced efficient in point of comfort and utility, while the 

 price, it is believed, will not be higher than the cheapest description of 

 iron windows now in use, and, for durability, will be preferable to those 

 of any other material. The dimensions that have been recommended 

 for the windows of ordinary cottages are, thirty-nine inches for the 

 height, and twenty-four inches for the width, within the wooden frames. 

 The size of glass required for these frames is seven and a quarter inches 

 by five and a quarter. The sash is divided into two unequal parts, the 

 lower part having three squares in height, and the upper part two. The 

 lower part is permanently fixed, while the upper part is constructed to 

 turn in the vertical direction on pivots, which are situate in the line of 

 its middle astragal ; and both parts are set in a substantial wooden 

 frame, which may either be built in while the wall is erecting, or set in 

 afterwards in the ordinary way, with or without checked rebats, accord- 

 ing to the taste of the proprietor. The window and its arrangements 

 will be better understood by reference to the annexed cuts fig. 97 show- 

 ing an inside elevation, fig. 98 a plan, and fig. 99 a vertical section, in 

 each of which a portion of the wall is exhibited, and the same letters 

 refer to the corresponding parts of each figure : a is a portion of the sur- 



FIO. 98. 



E3I 



rounding wall ; 6 6 the wooden frame of the window ; c the lower sash, 

 which is dormant ; and d the upper and movable sash. In fig. 99, the 

 upper sash is represented as open for ventilation. When shut, the parts 

 of the opening sash cover and overlap the fixed parts in such a manner 

 as to exclude wind and water ; but when ventilation is required, the 

 arrangement of the parts which produce this, is such as to enable the 

 housekeeper to admit air to any extent, /or this purpose, the notched 



