272 



THE BOOK OF THE LANDED ESTATE. 



Pio. 100. 



the size of the building, and the number of animals kept in it. For an 

 eight-stalled stable I would recommend two, made four feet long, three 



feet high in front, and two feet 

 above the highest point of the 

 roof. It is better to have two 

 or more small ones than a very 

 large one. 



Ventilators are sometimes made 

 in the form which I have de- 

 scribed, but with the louvre- 

 boards to open and shut at pleas- 

 ure, by means of a rope and 



\ \ \ \ 



Fio. 101. 



pulleys. This kind of ventilator should not be used. Generally speak- 

 ing, farm-labourers will not attend to keep them open when required. 

 If they do attend to them at all, it will be to keep them shut ; 

 therefore I think it is better to have a fixed ventilator out of their 

 reach. 



7. Doors. Doors for cottages may either be made ledged, braced, 

 framed, or panelled, or a mixture of two together. A ledged door is 

 made of a number of boards grooved together and nailed to cross pieces 

 of timber. This is the most simple form of door, but is not so strong as 

 others which are framed. In fig. 101 is shown the form of framed and 

 braced door, which is strong and suitable for the out- 

 side doors of a cottage, and it is also strong enough for 

 the door of a farm-building, a a a a shows the panel- 

 work mortised into each other, and b b the braces. 



Panelled doors need no description at my hands ; 

 they are suited for the inside rooms of dwelling-houses. 

 Very large doors of barns, carriage-sheds, &c., should 

 not be hinged, but be made to move on rollers. These 

 rollers are either fixed to the upper part of the door 

 or to the lower. When fixed at the top, the small 

 wheels or rollers run upon an iron bar fixed to the 

 wall above the doorway ; and the other, with the rollers 

 at the bottpm, run upon a rail fixed across the door- 

 way and alongside the wall as far as will clear the 

 door of the opening. In the latter case, the rollers frequently become 

 useless, unless attention be paid to keep them and the rail clean. 

 Those kinds of doors can be used with advantage to nearly all the build- 

 ings of a farm-steading. Hinged doors are so very frequently allowed to 

 be tossed about by the winds, that they not only get broken themselves, 

 but also cause injury to the walls. 



