278 THE BOOK OF THE LANDED ESTATE. 



houses with a double row of stalls, and to have the feeding-passage in 

 the centre. The width of such a house would stand thus : 



Feet. 



From left-hand wall to gutter, .... 3 



Gutter, 1 



Stall, 8 



Feeding-trough on left, 2 



Centre passage, ....... 5 



Feeding-trough on right, 2 



Stall on right, ....... 8 



Gutter on right, 1 



Space to wall, 3 



33 



Thus giving a total of thirty-three feet in width inside the walls. In the 

 sketch given of the double -cattle-house is shown a roof suitable for 

 such a span. 



Where boxes are preferred for feeding cattle, such a space as last de- 

 scribed would suit very well by having the centre feeding-passage and 

 a row of loose-boxes on each side. These boxes should be made twelve 

 feet broad by ten feet wide, exclusive of the feeding-troughs. Glazed 

 semicircular earthenware troughs are the best for dairy cows and cattle. 

 It is a great matter to keep them clean, and this cannot be thoroughly 

 done with rough stone as a trough. Caithness pavement, when polished, 

 makes beautiful troughs, and does not absorb water. Water-troughs 

 should also be fitted into the stalls, with a tap to take off surplus water 

 and to allow them to be thoroughly cleaned ; and it is an advantage, in 

 the saving of time and labour, to have the water carried in pipes along 

 the head of the stalls, immediately above the troughs, and to have a tap 

 in the pipe above each trough, so as the cattleman can turn on a supply 

 whenever required. Where there is only one tap in a cattle -house, 

 there is a great deal of valuable time wasted in carrying the water to 

 each animal. 



The calf-house should be placed in a position in the steading not far 

 from the cowhouse, where it will be convenient for giving the calves milk. 

 Each calf should be placed in a separate crib by itself, as when a num- 

 ber are together they suckle each other's ears and navel. These cribs 

 should be made six feet square, and in each should be a small manger, 

 to give a supply of chopped cabbage, turnips, &c. 



11. The Arrangement of the Pigsty. On some large farms, where large 

 numbers of pigs are kept, it is a very common practice to allow them to 

 run in the yard with the young cattle. This does very well for young 

 pigs and sows which are not wanted to fatten ; but those which are to be 



