THE CONSTRUCTION OF FARM-BUILDINGS AND COTTAGES. 283 



in extent will require an expenditure in dwelling-house and steading of 

 about 4 per acre of its whole extent. 



Mixed-husbandry farms of from four hundred to six hundred acres in 

 extent will require an expenditure in dwelling-house and steading of 

 about 6 per acre of the whole extent. 



Mixed-husbandry farms of from two hundred to three hundred acres 

 in extent will require an expenditure in dwelling-house and steading of 

 about 8 per acre of the whole extent ; and 



Farms of the same description extending from one hundred to one 

 hundred and fifty acres will require an expenditure of about 10 per 

 acre to erect a suitable dwelling-house and steading. 



There are many farmers who do not appreciate good buildings, or 

 who at least do not consider it worth while to pay a percentage on the 

 outlay, but happily these are becoming fewer every year ; and good 

 farmers will not now cultivate a farm unless it is provided with a pro- 

 per dwelling-house and steading, as they are coming gradually to know 

 that high farming cannot be carried out with profit either to themselves 

 or to their landlords without suitable buildings. 



15. The chief Heads of a Specification of the different Works applicable to 

 the Erection of a Cottage. Foundations : The entire site of the building 

 to be excavated to the necessary levels that may be required for the 

 foundations of the walls and other works. To ram down to a hard 

 foundation any soft places which may be found in the footings of the 

 walls ; and to fill in, level, and remove if necessary, the soil which has 

 been dug out after the walls have been erected, and to clear away all 

 rubbish after the completion of the works. 



Drains. All drains and cesspools to be constructed as shown on the 

 plan. The pipes used to be of glazed earthenware, carefully jointed 

 together with cement, laid with a proper fall. 



Stonework. The walls to be built of stone (coursed or plain rubble). 

 The foundations to be laid with two courses of large flat stones, having 

 five-inch scarcements on each side. The building of the walls above the 

 foundations to be commenced in the form shown on the plans and 

 sections, and to be built of good stones, firmly packed in their beds and 

 well hearted, and to be laid in their natural position that is, the posi- 

 tion in which they lay in the quarry. 



At every foot in height of the wall, and at four feet from each other, 

 through-band stones are to be laid in the wall. The walls to be levelled 

 at every three feet in height, to receive bond timbers where required. 



All door-steps, landings, and sills to be of hard stone. 



Windows, heads, sills, and quoins to be of % good stone, dressed on the 

 face, and laid in the natural position. 



