CHAPTER XXV. 



THE WATER-SUPPLY OF LANDED ESTATES. 



ON many estates there are frequently tracts of land on which there are 

 no streams, springs, or wells, and the want of a supply of water is often 

 much felt by the tenants. This is more especially the case on high- 

 lying table-lands ; and in many other situations there is also a great 

 expense and waste of time in procuring water. A good supply of pure 

 water is essentially necessary for the health of the inhabitants, as well 

 as the animals, in such districts. In many cases this can be got by the 

 formation of a reservoir at a spring, conveying it from thence through 

 pipes to the place where it is wanted. In other instances, a supply may 

 be got from a lake or pond, but always provided such lake or pond is 

 above the level of the place to which the water is to be conducted. 

 Where, however, no water can be got from a higher level, a supply may 

 be obtained from a lower level by means of a clever contrivance called 

 the " hydraulic ram." It is very simply made, and is not liable to get 

 out of order ; and I have known it to work for some years without any 

 heavy repairs being necessary. 



Fig. 109 is a sketch of a hydraulic ram as manufactured by Messrs 



FlO. 109. 



Gwynne, of Essex Wharf, Strand, London, a a is the supply-pipe, which 



