314 



THE BOOK OF THE LANDED ESTATE. 



ram is about twenty-two feet, the horizontal distance from the ram to 

 the farmhouse to which it is desired to take the water is three hundred 

 yards, and the height of the house above the ram is one hundred and 

 eighty feet. The estimated cost of fixing a ram which will deliver one 

 thousand gallons of water per diem is 55. 



A ready supply of water about a mansion-house or farm-steading is 

 very important in the case of fire, and no premises of any extent should 

 be without such a supply ; but for the purpose of applying the water 

 with force and immediate effect, it is necessary to have some apparatus 

 to spread it. Where a supply of water can be produced above the level 

 of the buildings, a good fountain-head, with pipes leading from the same, 

 to which a gutta-percha hose can be attached, may in some instances 

 be sufficient to throw a stream of water over the buildings, so as to 

 extinguish fire; but where this cannot be obtained without consider- 

 able expense, some kind of force-pump must be procured, which can 

 be worked to throw the water with some power. Messrs Gwynne 

 & Co. manufacture a force-pump, which is a very powerful apparatus 

 for throwing water in the case of fire, and is also very useful as a 

 liquid-manure pump. In fig. 110 is shown this form of pump. 



Fio. no. 



Some firms manufacture engines for the purpose of throwing water, seve- 

 ral of which require to be worked by steam ; but these are almost use- 

 less for the purpose, as before the steam can be got up to work the engine, 

 fires would have advanced very considerably. A large supply of water 

 may be kept in tanks or cisterns fixed in some part of the highest por- 

 tion of the steading, and from this the water can be spread over by 

 means of a hose. For the purpose of filling these cisterns, a hand force- 

 pump will do ; but this causes a great amount of labour, especially if the 



