330 THE BOOK OF THE LANDED ESTATE. 



given is generally more than is strictly correct, from the turn which the 

 branches cause the line to take. 



Timber-merchants are often in the habit of valuing timber by the eye ; 

 in fact, they value not only all standing timber in this way, but also 

 often when it is lying cut ; and they generally come very near the actual 

 measurement. 



In valuing timber in any part of the country, the valuator should 

 take into consideration the following points : 



1st, The size of the trees and the quality of the timber, and its adap- 

 tation to a given purpose. Some sizes of trees are more valuable than 

 others ; and of course the better the quality of the timber, the more 

 valuable it is. When suited for particular purposes, too, its value is also 

 increased. 



2d, The means of transit from the plantations to the public roads. 

 Sometimes the roads are gcrod between the site of the timber aud the 

 highways, or the timber may be situated close to good public roads ; and 

 consequently is, in either case, much more valuable than when other- 

 wise situated. 



3d, The distance and condition of the roads between the site of the 

 woods and the nearest railway station or seaport. The farther away 

 the timber is from either of these, the less valuable it becomes. 



SECTION 6. The Valuation of Quarnes. 



The minerals commonly found on landed estates are chiefly ironstone, 

 coal, copper, tin, lead, limestone, slate, and building stone. I intend 

 to draw attention in this section to those which are commonly used 

 for building purposes and these are sandstone, limestone, granite, and 

 slate. In valuing quarries of either of the minerals stated, the valuator 

 should first ascertain the expense of bringing them to the surface. 

 Some may be got at by the removal of the surface-soil to a greater or 

 less depth, which is termed "baring;" others may have to be worked 

 out by tunnelling that is, working in on a level from the face of a bank 

 or rock ; and others may have to be taken out by means of a pit or 

 shaft. The valuator should therefore fully consider all the different 

 means and expense of bringing the material to the market, and the price 

 of it in the market. 



Some quarries are much deteriorated in value by being subject to 

 be flooded with water. This will therefore have to be taken into 

 consideration by the valuer ; and he must also judge, from the state of 

 the seam of the rock, whether there is likely to be a good supply for 



