WOODS AND PLANTATIONS. 415 



to prevent the winds from shaking them. Trees, after being transplanted, 

 very frequently throw out a quantity of young shoots on the lower por- 

 tion of the stem. These should be removed with the finger and thumb 

 before they get to any strength. 



In the removal of pines from three to six feet high, and strong shrubs, 

 we use a hand-barrow. The shafts are made six feet long, and of suffi- 

 cient strength to bear the weight of what may be wanted. The boarding 

 in the centre is made two feet six inches square. This places the shafts 

 about two feet apart sufficient to allow the men to walk between when 

 carrying them. In removing plants in this way, a trench is opened out 

 round the plant at a distance from the stem of about one-third the 

 height of the tree ; and when it is thoroughly undermined, the plant 

 is then laid over on one side, and the hand-barrow placed under- 

 neath it as far as possible ; and -when the plant is brought back to 

 its erect position, the roots will lie on the barrow, when it can be 

 removed at once. I have in this way removed several kinds of rare 

 pines from the home - nursery on this estate to the plantations, and 

 in forming a pinetum. The plants average, four feet high, and there 

 has been only two deaths out of nearly one hundred and fifty so 

 removed. 



Mr Mackay of Kingston Hall has had a transplanting machine in use 

 which has given great satisfaction in its operation. It is thus figured 

 and described in ' The Forester,' third edition, p. 599: 



" Mr Mackay has two machines which he has used in the transplant- 

 ing of his large trees at Kingston Hall, both of the same construction, 

 but different in power ; the one used for transplanting trees of twenty- 

 five feet in height and under, and which may be capable of safely 

 removing a weight of about five tons ; the other he has used for trans- 

 planting trees from thirty to forty feet in height, which is capable of 

 safely removing a weight of from ten to fifteen tons that is, includ- 

 ing the tree and its ball of earth attached. Trees of the latter weight 

 Mr Mackay told me he had removed ; and having examined these, I 

 estimated that some of them would weigh about fifteen tons, including 

 the ball of earth. 



" Before entering into detail as to the manner of working the machine, 

 I shall first give a statement as to the nature of its construction. 



" It consists of two pairs of wheels, each pair working upon a strong 

 axle of superior quality. In the largest machine as referred to above, each 

 pair of wheels is about nine inches broad in the rings. The pair situated 

 on the front part (see engraving at b, fig. 120) are about five and a half 

 feet in diameter, and the pair situated on the hinder part (see engravin"- 

 at a) are about seven feet in diameter, and distant from each other about 



