WOODS AND PLANTATIONS. 421 



five feet long by four feet wide. This is the best size for general trans- 

 planting, being suitable for trees varying from fifteen to thirty feet 

 high. This size of machine has been extensively employed in the 

 removal of trees from the Bois de Boulogne, near Paris, to form avenues 

 along the Boulevards of that city. 



SECTION 13. Tlie Manufacture of Timber. 



Where there is any considerable extent of land under timber on an 

 estate, it is advantageous to have some means of manufacturing it. 

 Where there are large sales of timber, it may be necessary to have two or 

 more saw-mills on the estate, as generally where these are erected and 

 placed at the disposal of purchasers of timber, they will give more for 

 it in many cases than they would if no means of manufacturing it on the 

 spot existed. 



During the time I was in connection with the management of the 

 Strathspey forests in Inverness-shire and Morayshire, where there are 

 many thousand acres under timber, there were twelve saw-mills in oper- 

 ation, the moving power being both steam and water. A few of these 

 belonged to the proprietor, the Earl of Seafield, and were let out at an 

 annual rent to the timber-merchants. 



Saw-mills may be driven by either water or steam power. Where a 

 constant supply of water can be got in any convenient place for timber, 

 I should prefer taking advantage of such water-power ; but where the 

 supply of water is limited, or not conveniently situated for the timber 

 likely to be cut down on an estate, then I should prefer taking advan- 

 tage of steam-power. 



Steam-power may be either got as a fixture or portable ; and the 

 adaptation of either kind to any particular property must be judged 

 by local circumstances and the extent of the woodlands, as well as 

 the size of the different plantations, and the distance apart they are 

 from each other. The local circumstances which may influence the 

 advisability of having either fixed or portable saw-mills are such as 

 the supply of water throughout the woodlands for the use of an engine, 

 and whether there are roads sufficient to get the apparatus into the 

 woods. 



Where a good supply of water can be got for the purpose of 

 driving a saw-mill, it will certainly be the cheapest motive-power, and 

 should be taken advantage of when such may be wanted. On the other 

 hand, if an engine is required on an estate for the purpose of driv- 

 ing a thrashing-machine, pumping or stone-breaking apparatus, then 



