488 



THE BOOK OF THE LANDED ESTATE. 



It will be observed that all sums which are received or are on hand 

 are entered on the Dr. side of the account, while all sums paid are en- 

 tered on the Cr. side ; in fact, the keeper of the account is Dr. for what 

 he receives, and Cr. for what he pays out. 



A ledger-account for general estate purposes is kept in much the same 

 way as that of the wood ledger, but more simple. It is meant to contain 

 entries of all sales made but which have not been paid for. When a 

 sale is made and paid for at the same time, then the transaction is at 

 once posted into the Dr. side of the cash-book ; but, as I have stated, 

 when a sale is made and not paid for on the same date, then it is not 

 entered into the cash-book, but is posted into the ledger on the Dr. side, 

 thus : 



Dr. JOHN BROWN, Corn-dealer. Cr. 



Dr. 



JOHN STURDY, Butcher. 



Cr. 



When a payment is made on account such as the sums stated in the 

 case of John Brown in the ledger-account on June 4 and June 8, in 

 which 30 was paid at each time then they should be posted in the 

 Dr. side of the cash-book as they are received, and in the Cr. side of the 

 ledger as shown. 



Having now shown the different forms of account-books, it remains 

 to state how a general account is given at the end of each half-year or 

 year, or what may be termed a yearly statement of income and expendi- 

 ture. This is made out in the same form as the estimate of income and 

 expenditure at the beginning of the year, and need not be repeated 

 again. The income from each department farm, plantation, or dis- 

 trict should be shown under its own separate heading, and the 

 same with the expenditure. The heads of each department on an 

 estate should render an account of this kind at stated intervals to 

 the agent, who should arrange them all into one general statement 



