TERRESTRIAL 213 



the young are carried about before birth in spacious brood-pouches. 

 They have nineteen pairs of limbs, just as a lobster has, and the 

 surface of the body is often beautifully sculptured. When a large 

 colony of Porcellio scaber is disturbed there is a remarkable hurry- 

 scurry. It is easy to find young forms, pale in colour, and moulted 

 cuticles are often seen lying about. 



The Moorland. - - An excursion to the moorland requires 

 some rehearsal if it is to be a success. It is well to begin by 

 finding a tract where one can wander without let or hindrance 

 (which means in many cases getting definite permission from the 

 proprietor), and it is also desirable to find as varied a corner as 

 possible, with heathery knolls and peatbogs and tarns. 



Mammals of the Moor. Herds of red deer (Cervus elaphus) 

 are still to be seen on some of the moors in the wilder parts of 

 the Scottish Highlands and in Ireland. There are two or three 

 wild herds in England, and there are many half-wild herds in 

 English parks. In some parts of Scotland the children on their 

 way to school often see the deer at a distance ; it may be on the 

 crest of a hill silhouetted against the sky. The full-grown males 

 or stags keep to themselves for most of the year, but seek for the 

 females or hinds in September. It is then that they bellow and 

 fight, and are dangerous to intruders. Their well-known weapons 

 the antlers drop off (and are eaten !) in early spring, and their 

 regrowth on a larger scale every year is one of the most extra- 

 ordinary facts in Natural History. The young fawn whose 

 beauty is fascinating is born in May or June, and is most care- 

 fully looked after by the mother. The much smaller roe-deer 

 (Capreolus caprea) is mainly a Scottish animal, and is a creature 

 of the woods rather than of the moors ; it is not gregarious, and 

 the two sexes keep together all the year. Intermediate in size 

 between red-deer and roe-deer is the fallow-deer (Cervus dama\ 

 which, like the rabbit and the rats, was introduced into Britain 

 (perhaps by the Romans) in comparatively recent times. 



Birds of the Moor. - - One would naturally start with the 

 red grouse (Lagopus scoticus) in taking a survey of the birds of 

 the moor. It is the only bird peculiar to the British Isles, and 

 has probably been evolved from the closely allied species the 





