THE GROWTH OF THE SHOOT FROM THE BUD 43 



The so-called " bud " is therefore not a single bud, containing 

 either foliage or floral leaves, or both ; it is a bud of buds, 

 each true bud giving rise to a dwarf shoot, the buds which 

 will give rise to long shoots being developed only in the axils 

 of a very few of the numerous leaves. The outside scales 

 have cork layers and resin is secreted, so that the shoots are 

 well protected. Among the Coniferae, bud-scales are found in 

 the Pine, Spruce, and Yew, but the Juniper and Cypress have 

 none. 



NAKED BUDS. Other examples of trees with " naked buds " 

 as they are called, are the Wayfaring- tree, and the Alder Buck- 

 thorn. The evergreens of tropical climates are often destitute 

 of bud scales. In most herbaceous plants the terminal bud is 

 merely the end of the growing shoot, its covering is just an 

 ordinary leaf, similar to any other. 



Bud-scales are usually developed in those buds which pass 

 through a period of resting during the winter. They protect 

 the delicate leaves from the winter cold and wet, and prevent 

 loss of water which would take place owing to the dryness of 

 the air at a time when the tree would not be able to replace it. 



The following classification of bud-scales, according to the 

 organs from which they are formed, may be useful : 



1. Bud scales representing leaf -bases occur in Ash, Horse- 

 chestnut, Sycamore, and most rosaceous trees. 



2. Bud scales developed from stipules are found in Oak, 

 Beech, Poplar, Alder. 



3. Bud scales formed from true leaves in the Lilac and Honey- 

 suckle. 



4. Naked buds occur in the Alder Buckthorn, in some species 

 of Viburnum (the Wayfaring-tree), in Juniper and Cypress, and 

 in most evergreens, especially in tropical countries. 



The way in which leaves are packed in a bud is a never-ceasing 

 subject of wonder each year as spring comes round. It seems 

 incredible that the large leaves, such as Sycamore and Maple ; the 

 compound leaves, consisting of several pairs of leaflets, of the Ash 

 can be packed in such small space. The only way of seeing the 

 relative arrangement of the leaves in a bud is to make a section and 



