ROSE 53 



leaf-scars, where the latter separated from the stem, can be dis- 

 tinguished, and immediately above each scar is a bud, or the shoot 

 developed from it. Other markings on the smooth surface of 

 the internode are the small reddish-brown lenticels, which allow 

 of ventilation taking place through the layer of cork. The amount 

 of growth in length of the shoot in each of the preceding years can 

 be ascertained by noting the closely crowded scars left by the bud- 

 scales. These mark the lower limit of each season's growth. The 

 growth of the present year continuing a main shoot has. on the 

 other hand, a smooth green surface, and bears foliage-leaves singly 

 at the nodes. At the base are the marks of the bud-scales, and 

 earlier in the season these can be found and studied. Each scale 

 corresponds to the enlarged leaf-base and stipules of a leaf, the 

 leaf-blade of which is not developed. Above these come one or 

 two leaves intermediate between the scales and the fully developed 

 foliage-leaves, then a number of the latter, and the shoot ends 

 either in a vegetative bud or in a flower. The lateral shoots 

 arising from the buds borne on the shoot of the previous year 

 mostly bear, after the bud-scales, a limited number (three to five) 

 of foliage-leaves, and end in a flower (Plate, Fig. A). 



The foliage-leaves are compound and pinnate. In the Dog Rose 

 there are two or three pairs of lateral leaflets and a terminal leaflet. 

 The leaf appears to join the stem by a wide sheath. This corre- 

 sponds, however, to the leaf-base and the pair of large stipules, 

 the latter being joined to either side of the base of the leaf, leaving 

 only the tips free. The lower surface and margins of the stipules 

 in most varieties bear reddish glandular hairs. The leaf-stalk is 

 almost cylindrical, with a narrow groove on the upper surface. It 

 continues into the spindle of the leaf bearing the leaflets. These 

 have practically no stalks ; each has a well marked midrib, and the 

 two halves of the leaf -blade differ slightly in size and outline. 

 The margin is toothed, a minute pore, from which water is excreted 

 under certain circumstances, occupying the tip of each tooth. 



The flowers are often solitary at the ends of lateral shoots, 

 but additional flowers may be developed in the axils of the leaves 

 immediately below the terminal flower. The flower itself is a 

 large and conspicuous one, owing especially to the widely spread- 

 ing pink petals surrounding the numerous yellow stamens. The 



