THE GOOSEBERRY 161 



drupes. The Raspberry requires a moist rich soil, and succeeds 

 well in a slightly shaded position. The canes should be planted 

 in the autumn in rows, leaving a distance of four feet all round 

 between the plants. They are best trained to wires ; failing these 

 they must be loosely tied up to stakes. The first spring after 

 being planted the canes must be cut down to a height of one foot. 

 The ground should be mulched with manure in winter, and kept 

 well stirred with the Dutch hoe in summer. The roots are very 

 near the surface, and hence the ground must not be either dug 

 or forked. Propagation is effected either by means of seeds or 

 by taking rooted suckers from the root-stock. 



A valuable hybrid, the Loganberry, has been obtained by 

 crossing the Raspberry with the Blackberry. In habit of growth 

 the Loganberry resembles the Blackberry, while its rather acid 

 fruit is like a very large red Raspberry, and is produced in great 

 abundance. 



THE GOOSEBERRY 



All the cultivated varieties are derived from the wild Ribes 

 Grossularia, which is an indigenous bush in the north of England, 

 bearing small yellow, hairy, succulent berries. 



To obtain new varieties of Gooseberries the plants must of 

 course be grown from seed. The ordinary method of propagation 

 is by cuttings. To obtain these, strong shoots of the year, about 

 fifteen inches in length, are cut off close to the parent stem. All 

 except the top five buds are removed, and we thus obtain a bush 

 on a good, clean stem about one foot in height. The cuttings 

 are planted in a shallow vertical walled trench about eighteen 

 inches apart, preferably in a light sandy soil, and if such a soil 

 is not available sand should be thickly sprinkled along the bottom 

 of the trench. When all the cuttings have been placed in the 

 trench, in a vertical position the soil is shovelled into the trench 

 and trodden firmly, so that it is pressed close to the bases of the 

 cuttings. In the winter next but one following, the four shoots 

 which will have sprung from the cutting must be shortened 

 to one half their length, and in the summer following the lateral 

 shoots from these must be pinched back. In the autumn when 

 the cutting is two years old the young bushes are transplanted 



VOL. V. II 



