THE APPARENT MOVEMENTS OF THE SUN 



of winter shadows, and therefore either to make the object used for the purpose 

 of measuring the changes very short or to allow ample room. At London the 



ZENITH 



:T^ SUMMER SOLSTICE 



EQUINOX 



FIG. 2. Diagram showing the variations in length of the shadow of a 

 stick at London. 



noonday shadow of a 6-feet pole varies from a little over 3 feet at the summer 

 solstice to considerably over 22 feet at the winter solstice (cf. Fig. 2). At 

 Edinburgh at the winter solstice a similar pole would be more than 32 feet long, 

 and at the summer solstice nearly 4 feet, while at Aberdeen or Kirkwall it 

 would be still longer. For the sake of the teacher's convenience, it may be 



1ENITH 



SUMMC R SOLSTICE 



EOU I N OX 



FIG. 3. Variations in length of the shadow of a stick at Kirkwall. 



of the shadow in winter. 



Note the great length 



noted that the length of the shadow at the solstices may be readily calculated 

 for the latitude of the school in the following way. The formula required, as very 



