GENERAL INDEX 



237 



Papilionaceac, v. 144. 

 Pappus, iii. 80. 

 Paradise stock, v. 150. 

 Parasites, iv. 141, 180. 

 Parietal bone, i. 21. 

 Paris, time of, vi. 82. 

 Parrot, i. 92 ; figure of foot, i. 95. 

 Parsley, beaked, v. 60, 61 ; 



cultivation, v. 143. 

 Parsnip, history and cultiva- 

 tion of, v. 137 ; varieties of, 



iii. 170, v. 114, 126, 138. 

 Passeres or perching birds, i. 80. 

 Pasture associations, v. 20 ; land, 



v. 64; grasses, iv. 186. 

 Patella vulgata, ii. 170, 175. 

 Peach, v. 148. 

 Pear, cultivation, life-history 



and varieties of, iv. i, 48, 60, 



v. 126, 148, 150, 160, 183 ; 



blossom of, illustrated, iv. 



48. 

 Peas, life-history, cultivation, 



and varieties of, iii. 4, 7, 8, 9, 



10, 12, 13, 21, 32, 54, 104, 



114, iv. i, 24, 28, 29, 30, 



76, v. 78. 113. 130, I44 145, 



147, 148. 

 Peat-bog, iv. 100, 144, 188, 



189, 190, 191. 

 Peat soils, v. 218. 

 Pebble beaches, v. 18. 

 Peewit, ii. 214. 

 Pelargoniums, iii. 52, v. 117. 

 Pelecypods, ii. 69. 

 Pelican, i. 92, 94, 95. 

 Pellia, iv. 116, 118, 121, 134, 



135- 



Pendulous carex, iv. 194. 

 Penguins, i. 86, 159. 

 Peninsula of the Wirral, vi. 14. 

 Perch, i. 136, ii. 186, 197. 

 Peregrine falcon, ii. 217. 

 Perennial clover, v. 58 ; plants, 



iii. 95 ; rye grass, iii. 166, 180 ; 



life-history of, flower figured, 



iii. 181. 



Perianth, iv. 148. 

 Peristome of four teeth, iv. 



in ; of hair moss magnified, 



iv. 114; of screw mosses, 



iv. no. 

 Periwinkles, ii. 105, 128, 142, 



143, 144, 170, 175, 182, iv. 



24. 69, 73, v. 167. 

 Petrels, i. 83, 84. 

 Petromyzon, species of, i. 151, 



155. 197. " 197- 

 Petty spurge, figured, v. 83, 86. 

 Pheasant, i. 66, 80, ii. 210, 212. 

 Pheasant's eye narcissus, flower 



figured, iii. 160. 

 Phlox (Coquelicot), v. 171 ; 



Drummondii, v. 169. 

 Pholas, ii. 140. 

 Phosphates and potash, v. 208, 



209. 

 Phragmites communis, iv. 177, 



v. 29, 37, 38, 45. 76. 

 Phyllodoce lamelligera, ii. 159, 



175- 

 Physical environment, vi. i ; 



geography, basal facts of, 



vi. 22. 

 Phytophthera infestans, v. 185. 



Pied wagtail, ii. 207. 



Pigeon, domesticated varieties 



of, i. 76. 

 Pignut, iii. 70. 

 Pigs, domesticated breeds of, 



i. 40, 64 ; skull, teeth, and 



tusks of, i. 20, 39, 41. 

 Pike, i. 136, ii. 197. 

 Pillwort, v. 21, 22, 23. 

 Pimpernel, v. 86, 217. 

 Pincushion starfish, ii. 180. 

 Pine, cultivation and life- 

 history of, iii. 43, 87, iv. 



62, 63, 66, 67, 145, 163, 177, 



179, 207 ; woods, iv. 178. 

 Pink, varieties of, v. 121, 171, 



176, 179- 



Pinus sylvestris, iii. 18, iv. 62. 

 Pipe-fish, i. 139 ; eggs of, ii. 



136. 



Pipewort, v. 26. 

 Pipit, meadow, ii. 207. 

 Pistillate flowers, iv. 148, 160. 

 Pisum, species of, iv. 24, 30, 



v. 115, 146. 

 Pitcher-plant, iii. 73. 

 Plaice, i. 137, 142, ii. 135. 

 Planarians, ii. 188, 199, 200. 

 Plane, iv. 171. 

 Plankton, ii. 184. 

 Planorbis, ii. 107, 191. 

 Plant associations, iv. 177, 187. 



205, 209, v. i, 6, 19, 53, 87. 

 Plant (flowering) life-history of, 



iii. 109 ; and animal life 



as affected by weather, vi. 5 ; 



ecology, iv. 180 ; formations, 



v. 4, 19, 20, vi. 36 ; bugs, 



ii. 203 ; lice, ii. 15, 16 ; 



life, iii. i, vi. 35. 

 Plantago, species of, iii. 205, 



v. 14, 115. 

 Plantain, iii. 166, 205, iv. 



69, 76, v. 7. 



Planting, notes on, v. 152. 

 Plants, cultivation, life-history, 



and varieties of, ii. 82, iii. 



i, 48, 51, 54, 71, 95. 112, 



v. 20, 23, 79. i7o, 171. 176, 



vi. 33. 37- 

 Plesiosaur, i. 109 ; illustration 



of, vi. 202. 



Pleuronectida3, ii. 134. 

 Ploughing, v. 87. 

 Ploughman's spikenard, v. 42. 

 Plum mushroom, iv. 128. 

 Plumages of birds, nestlings 



and seasonal, i. 72, 81, 87, 



88, 89. 



Plumose anemone, ii. 163. 

 Plums, cultivation and varieties 



of, iv. 77, v. 117, 148, 151, 



160. 

 Plumule, structure of, iii. 13, 



33- 

 Poa, species of, v. 58, 63, 114, 



US- 

 Poinsettia, scarlet bract of, 



iii. 55- 



Pointer, i. 28. 



Poison gland of snakes, i. 117. 

 Poisoner, iv. 128. 

 Polar bear, ii. 219. 

 Polar night and day, vi. 67. 

 Pollard willows, v. 46. 



Pollen grains, iii. 78 ; shedding, 

 iv. 72 ; tube, iii. 78. 



Pollination, iii. 77, iv. 70. 



Polyanthus, v. 179. 



Polygonum, species of, v. 47, 

 US- 



PolypetalaB, iv. 68. 



Polypody, iv. 86, 87, 89, 158, 

 179- 



Polytrichum, species of, iv. 

 106, 112, 114, 158, 179, v. 

 36. 



Polyzoa, ii. 125, 161, 179. 



Pond mussels, ii. 192 ; skaters, 

 ii. 194, 195; tortoise, life- 

 history of, ii. 94, 95, 96, 

 99' 



Ponds, vegetation of, v. 26. 



Pondweeds, ii. 88, v. 22, 27, 

 29. 



Poodles, corded, i. 26. 



Poor man's weather-glass, v. 83. 



Poplar, iii. 40, 43, iv. 38, 147, 

 1 80, v. 46. 



Poppy, cultivation, illustration, 

 life-history, and varieties of, 

 iv. i, 21, '22, 23, 24, 73. 74. 

 76, v. 10, n, 76, 80, 86, 

 171, 210. 



Porcelain crab, ii. 147, 148, 149. 



Pore toadstools, iv. 128, 130. 



Porpoises, i. 20, 48, 53, ii. 95. 



Portuguese man-of-war, ii. 185. 



Position of feet during flight, 

 i. 87. 



Potamogeton, species of, ii. 88, 

 91, v. 22, 27, 29, 88, 92. 



Potato, cultivation, life-history, 

 and varieties of, iii. 50, 60, 

 67, 70, 86, 114, iv. i, 6, 7, 

 9, 69, v. 78, 80, 116, 126, 

 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 185, 

 186. 



PotentUla, species of, iii. 61, 

 iv. 159, 206, v. 171. 



Pot-herb, iii. 184. 



Practical geography, introduc- 

 tion to, vi. 76. 



Practical observations on culti- 

 vation, v. 86. 



Practical work, iii. 31, 109, v. 17. 



Prawns, ii. 150, 151. 



Precipitation, vi. 18-30. 



Prehistoric age, iv. 144. 



Pressure, variations of, vi. 8, 16. 



Prickly-skinned animals, ii. 153. 



Primary quills, i. 85. 



Primeval forest, iv. 144, 145. 



Primrose, iii. 115, 128, 129, 

 iv. 69, 158, 186, 203, v 25. 

 41, 210, 215 ; description of, 

 130 ; pin-eyed, thrum-eyed, 

 long - styled, diagrams of, 

 131 ; diagram of, iii. 105. 



Principles of cultivation, v. 218- 

 224. 



Privet, iv. 165, 184, v. 73, 

 118, 119. 



Properties of soils, v. 195-208. 



Propagation by cuttings, figure 

 of, v. 120 ; by division, v. 

 122 ; method of, v. 118-124. 



Protective covering of vegeta- 

 tion, vi. 35 ; resemblances, 

 i. 60, ii. 210. 



