240 



THE BOOK OF NATURE STUDY 



Short -legged puffins, i. 87. 

 Shoulder-girdle of birds, i. 73 ; 



and limbs of mole, i. 47. 

 Shoveller duck, shape of beak, 



i. 92. 

 Shrew, ii. 208 ; food of, ii. 



206, 207 ; habits, ii. 206. 

 Shrimps, ii. 108, 134, 135, 150. 

 Shrubby spireas, v. 167 ; 



undergrowth, iv. 156, 159. 

 Side-fruiting mosses, iv. 115. 

 Sigillarias, iv. 94. 

 Silurids, i. 147. 

 Silver-beetle, eggs of, ii. 121 ; 



larva of, ii. 121. 

 Silver birch and sandy soils, 



v. 215 ; grass, iv. 207. 

 Silverweed, iv. 202. 

 Silvery thread moss, pear- 

 shaped capsules, iv. 109. 

 Singworms, v. 183. 

 Siphonophora, ii. 185. 

 Siskin, ii. 210. 

 Skate, i. 137, 138, 146, ii. 



142 ; dorsal surface of, i. 141 : 



eggs of, ii. 142 ; organs of 



locomotion, i. 141 ; young 



of, ii. 142. 

 Skeleton of birds, i. 73 ; of 



horse, i. 33 ; of mammal, i. 20 ; 



of man, i. 33 ; of mole, i. 47 ; 



of the wing, i. 84. 

 Skeleton - shrimp, respiratory 



plates of, ii. 151 ; rudimentary 



abdomen of, ii. 151. 

 Skua-gulls, plumage of the 



young, i. 66. 

 Skull of dog, i. 21 ; of pig, i. 



20. 



Skunk, i. 63. 

 Sky, model of, figured, vi. 129 ; 



observations, vi. 51, 52, 55; 



sunsets, clouds, thunder- 

 storms, vi. 51-62. 

 Skye, model of island, vi. 129. 

 Skye terriers, i. 26, 28. 

 Skylarks, ii. 203, 207. 

 "Slaters," ii. 212. 

 Slender Naiad, v. 23, 24 ; 



St. John's wort, v. 70. 

 Sloths, i. 20. 

 Slough of snakes, i. 118. 

 Slow-worm, i. no, in, 112, 



ii. 214. 

 Slugs, ii. 48, 200, 208, 210, 212, 



216, 217; eggs of, ii. 2ii ; 



foot of, ii. 2ii ; large black, 



ii' 53 ; tentacles, ii. 211 ; 



troublesome to crops, v. 216. 

 Small bur-reed, v. 38, 44 ; 



daisy, v. 62 ; ermine moth 



and caterpillar, v. 182 ; 



fleabane, v. 42. 

 Smooth anemone, ii. 128, 162 ; 



horsetail, iv. 97 ; snake, i. 



110. 

 Snail, ii. 48, 200, 208, 216, 



217 ; description of, ii. 49 ; 



diagram of radula, ii. 52 ; 



eye of, ii. 48 ; fertilisation 



of eggs, ii. 52 ; foot of, ii. 



48 ; freshwater, ii. 188 ; 



genital opening, ii. 48 ; 



hibernating, ii. 14 ; lines of, 



growth, ii. 48 ; mouth of, 



ii. 48 ; pedal gland of, ii. 



48 ; pulmonary opening, ii. 



48 ; slug, ii. 55. 

 Snakes, varieties of, i. 109, no, 



112, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 



ii. 208. 

 Snow, vi. 6, 17, 20, 40, 50 ; 



ball, vi. 42 ; drift, vi. 44 ; 



fall, on Matterhorn, vi. 44 ; 



in New England States, vi. 



41 ; ploughs, vi. 41 ; storms, 



vi. 40, 41 ; bunting, ii. 217 ; 



drop, iii. 70, v. 172, 175, 177, 



179 ; drop, structure of leaves, 



iii. 63; and trees, text-fig., 



vi. 37. 



Snowy owl, vi. 219. 

 Soap-berry, seeds carried by 



Gulf Stream, v. 50. 

 Soft brome, v. 215. 

 Soil, varieties of, v. 79, 86, 120, 



121, 188, 192, 195-208, 211, 



213, 215, 216, 217. vi. 33. 

 Solanacea, iv. 69. 

 Solanum tuberosum, iv. 6, v. 



132- 



Sole, i. 137, 147, ii. 135. 

 Solen, ii. 175. 

 Solitary plants, vi. 33. 

 Solomon's seal,self -propagation, 



iii. 61, 62, iv. 160. 

 Solstices, vi. 65, 66. 

 Solution for spraying, v. 183. 

 Sorex vulgaris, ii. 206. 

 Sorrel, v. 60, 61, 64; dock, v. 



216. 



South Downs, v. 75. 

 Sow thistle, v. 76, 81, 82, 86, 



217. 



Spaniel, Japanese, i. 26. 

 Spanish chestnut and sandy 



soils, v. 215. 

 Sparrow, seasonal changes of 



plumage of, i. 87, 88 ; hawk, 



ii. 210 ; hawks, nestlings of. i. 



102, 103. 



Sparrows, in America, ii. 221. 

 Spawn, iii. 71. 

 Spawning of salmon, i. 149. 

 Spear thistle, iv. 206. 

 Spearwort, lesser, iv. 193, v. 



28. 



Spearworts, v. 45. 

 Speedwells, iv. 208, v. 82, 217. 

 Sperm-whale, i. 49. 

 Spey and Findhorn, its rain- 

 falls, vi. 29. 

 Sphagnum,iv. 100, 101, 102, 108, 



190, 193 ; association, v. 35 ; 



bogs, iv. 197 ; moss, observa- 

 tions on, vi. 35. 

 Sphenodon, i. 109. 

 Spider, diagram of foot, ii. 43 ; 



diagram of head, ii. 41 ; 



diagram of pedipalp, ii. 41 ; 



falces of, ii. 40 ; respiratory 



organ of, ii. 42 ; crab, ii. 



146. 

 Spiders, i. 158, 160, ii. 17, 38, 108, 



208, 215, 217, v. 33 ; economy 



of, ii. 46, 215 ; egg-cocoon of, 



ii. 43, 46; nests, ii. 215; 



reproductive functions of, ii. 



41 ; web, construction of, 



ii. 43. 



Spiked milfoil, v. 25. 

 Spikelets of grass, v. 56, 57, 58. 

 Spinach, iii. 29, 32 ; cultivation 



of, v. 143. 



Spinal cord of mammal, i. 20. 

 Spindletree, v. 73. 

 Spiny restharrow, v. 6 ; spider 



crab, ii. 152. 

 Spirorbis, ii. 179. 

 Spleen wort, black, iv. 91 ; 



maiden-hair, iv. 91. 

 Sponge, crumb-of -bread, ii. 178, 



179; freshwater, ii. 199. 

 Sponges, i. 158 ; calcareous, ii. 



178 ; skeletons of lime or flint, 



ii. 170. 



Spongilla, i. 199. 

 Spongillida?, ii. 188. 

 Spoonbill, feeding habits, i. 91, 



92. 



Sporangia, iv. 88, 202. 

 Spore-cases, iv. 86 ; mass, iv. 



86, 90 ; production of, iv. 



126, 133, 138. 



Spores, where formed, iv. 133. 

 Spotted orchis, life-history of, 



iii. 1 66, 198 ; plant figured, 



iii. 200. 

 Spotted or fire salamander, i. 



1 20. 



Spout -fish, ii. 175. 

 Spraying as a prevention of 



insect pest, v. 182. 

 Spring and autumn plumages 



i. 87, 88, 89. 

 Spring bulbs, shooting in 



January, vi 5 ; flowers, 



iii. 115 ; growing time, vi. 5 ; 



onions, v. 141 ; records of 



weather, vi. 6 ; tide, vi. 89. 

 Springs, how found, vi. 183. 

 Spruce, iv. 156 ; bud scales of, 



iii. 43. 

 Spurge, y. 9, 76, 81, 217 ; 



laurel, iv. 164, 165. 

 Spurreys, v. 80. 

 Spurry, v. 14, 86, 216. 

 Spur-winged goose, i. 97 ; plover, 



i. 97- 



Squat-lobster, ii. 148, 166. 

 Squid, ii. 137. 

 Squill, iii, 66, v. 16, i75- 

 Squirrel, habits of, ii. 210. 

 Squirreltail grass, v. 217. 

 St. Bernard, i. 28. 

 St. John's-wort, iv. 162. 

 St. Julien plum, v. 160. 

 Stachys, iii. 20. 

 Stag, i. 32. 

 Staghorn moss, iv. 197, 201, 



202. 

 Stags on the crest of a hill, ii. 



216. 



Stamens, iv. 160. 

 Staminate flower, iv. 148, 160. 

 Starch grains, iii. 50. 

 Starfish, ii. 173, 176 ; madre- 

 pore of, ii. 1 80 ; method of 



crawling, ii. 155. 

 Starfishes, i. 158, ii. 153, 155, 



170. 



Starlings, i. 83, 84, v. 181. 

 Starwort, v. 16. 

 Staiice auricula/alia, v. 13 ; 



latifolia, v. 171. 



