242 



THE BOOK OF NATURE STUDY 



Tree-sparrow, i. 81. 



Trees, iv. 147, 149, 151, 167, 

 i75 176, 177 ; bibliography 

 of, iv. 176 ; action of wind on, 

 vi. 22 ; fossil, vi. 191. 



Trematode worm, larva of, ii. 

 192. 



Tri folium, species of, v. 115. 



Trilobite, Silurian, vi/ii7, 191. 



Triticum junceum, y.~4, 5. 



Triton, species of, i. 122, 144, 

 ii. 101. 



Trop&olum, iii. 54. 



Tropidonotus natrix, i. no, 112, 



H3 "4- 

 Trout, i. 136 ; ii. 197 ; hatching 



of, ii. 198. 

 Trumpet or cup lichens, iv. 134, 



178. 



Trumpet-mosses, iv. 138. 

 Tube-worms, ii. 179. 

 Tuber, y. 116. 

 Tubers, iii. 67, 69, 70. 

 Tubifex, ii. 200 ; rivulorum, ii. 



199. 



Tubularian polyps, ii. 174. 

 Tufted or foliose lichen, iv. 140. 

 Tufted scirpus, iv. 193. 

 Tulip, iii. 66, 86, 104, 114, 115, 



156-159, iv. 70 ; bulb, iii. 



67, v. 116 ; life-history of, iii. 



148. 



Tulipa, species of, iii. 148. 

 Tumere, iii. 67. 

 Tunicates, i. 151, 156, 157, 



158. 



Turf, examples of, v. 208. 

 Turgenov, describing winter 



scenes, vi. 5. 

 Turnip, iii. 25, 29, 32, v. 78, 79, 



130 ; history and cultivation 



of, v. 139. 



Turnip beetle, v. 139. 

 Twilight, vi. 67 ; arch, colours of, 



vi. 56, 57- 

 Twite, ii. 214, 217. 

 Two-spotted goby, ii. 132. 

 Two-winged flies, ii. 195. 

 Typha, species of, v. 44, 76. 



Ulex europaus, iv. 192, v. 115. 

 Ulva latissima, ii. 84. 

 Umbel, compound, iv. 4. 

 Umbelliferae, iv. 6, 69, v. n, 



13, 35, 77,135- 

 Under-fur of 



mammals, i. 69. 

 Undergrowth, iii. 46, iv. 156. 

 Underplanting, iv. 151. 

 Under-wood, iv. 147, 148. 

 Ungulata, i. 40. 

 Unicellular hairs, iii. 81. 

 Unio, ii. 58, 59, 191. 

 Univalves, ii. 105. 

 Unsegmented worms, i. 158. 

 Upright buttercup, figured, iii. 



89. 



Upright -leaf, v. 46. 

 Urchin, purple-tipped, ii. 153, 



154- 



Usnea, iv. 133, 138, 178. 

 Utricularia, species of, ii. 90, 91, 



v. 3i 32- 



Vaccinium moors, iv. 191, 197, 

 199. 



Vaccinium, species of, iv. 195, 



196. 



Valisneria spiralis, ii. 92, 93. 

 Valleys, how formed, vi. 162 ; 



in relation to streams, vi. 



101, 105. 

 Valvata, ii. 191. 

 Vanessa urticce, ii. 204. 

 Vapour, causes of, vi. 21, 22 ; 



observations on, vi. 49. 

 Vapourer moth, figure of, v. 



181. 

 Variable hare, ii. 216, 219 ; 



winds, vi. 17. 



Variation of climate, vi. 32. 

 Vegetable beds, arrangement of, 



v. 129, 130. 

 Vegetable brimstone, iv. 98 ; 



culture, v. 125-129 ; feeders, 



i. 32 ; garden, management 



of, v. 125-129 ; kingdom, in 



relation to man, vi. 38 ; 



marrow, v. 148 ; mould, vi. 



36 ; constituent parts of, v. 



125. 

 Vegetation, aquatic, v. 21 ; 



cliff, v. 12 ; of commons, iv. 



206 ; destruction of, vi. 36 ; 



of Gloucestershire, v. 4 ; of 



meadows and pastures, v. 56 ; 



of muddy shore, illustration 



of, v. 2 ; of running water, 



v. 38 ; seashore, v. i, 4 ; 



xerophytic, v. i ; of shingle, 



v. 9 ; of still water, v. 26 ; 



of swiftly flowing water, v. 



42. 

 Vegetative organs of flowering 



plants, iii. 95. 

 Vegetative rhythm, determined 



by temperature, vi. 37. 

 Velvet fiddler crab, ii. 186. 

 Venus's comb, v. 77 ; girdle, 



ii. 186. 

 Veronica, species of, iii. 225, 



v. 82, 171. 



Veronicas, v. 39, 81, 82. 

 Vespa, species of, i. 210, 



211. 



Vertebra, parts of, i. 22. 

 Vertebrates of the freshwater 



aquarium, ii. 94-105. 

 Vetches, v. 16, 73, 216; 



tendrils of, iii. 54. 

 Vicia, species of, iii. 133, v. 115, 



146. 

 Viola, species of, iii. 124, 128, 



v. 76, 171. 

 Violaceae, iv. 69. 

 Violas, v. 176. 

 Violet, iii. 106, iv. 69, v. 17 ; 



diagram of, iii. 105. 

 Viper a berus, i. no, 113, 116. 

 Viper's bugloss, iii. 75, 83. 

 Virginia creeper, v. 179. 

 Virginian stock, v. 169, 179. 

 Viscous senocio, illustration of, 



V. II, 12. 



Vis cum album, iv. 35, 44. 

 Viviparous lizard, ii. 217. 

 Volcanoes, action of, vi. 128. 

 Vole-plagues, ii. 202. 

 Voles, ii. 216. 

 Von Baer's law, ii. 101. 

 Vorticella, ii. 199. 



Wagtail, species of, ii. 203, 208, 

 217- 



Wallflower, v. 169, 179; seed- 

 lings of, iii. 24 ; stem of, iii. 59. 



Wall rue, iv. 91, 98. 



Walnut, iii. 36 ; cotyledon of, 

 iii. 9. 



Waning moon, vi. 85, 86. 



Warning coloration, i. 63. 



Wartlet, ii. 179. 



Wasp, abdomen of, i. 201 ; 

 breathing of, i. 203 ; cardo of, 

 i. 195 ; compound eye of, i. 

 194 ; diagram of front leg, i. 

 201 ; diagram of nest, i. 209 ; 

 diagram of sting apparatus, 

 i. 202 ; diagram of under side 

 of head, i. 196 ; mouth parts 

 of, i. 194, 195 ; life-history 

 of, i. 204 ; nest of, i. 205 ; 

 social economy of, i. 204. 



Water, in different soils, v. 200. 



Water avens, iii. 80, 83, 217, iv. 

 161, v. 70. 



Water-beetle, dilation of legs 

 of, ii. 118 ; eggs and larva? of, 

 ii. 120; elytra of, ii. 118; life- 

 history of, ii. 33 ; methods of 

 swimming and breathing, ii. 

 119 ; respiration of, ii. 32. 

 Water-beetles, ii. 188, 193, 



194. 



Water-boatman, ii. 122, 123, 

 194; eggs of, ii. 123 ; feeding 

 of, ii. 123. 



Water-bugs, ii. 124, 195. 

 Water buttercup, iv. 199; club- 

 moss, iv. 99 ; composition of, 

 vi. 186 ; cress, v. 46, 39, 52 ; 

 crowfoot, ii. 87, 92, v. 27, 54 ; 

 crowfoot, branch figured, v. 

 48 ; fleas, ii. 109, 187, 189 ; 

 forget-me-nots, iii. 83 ; hog 

 house, ii. 108 ; horsetail, ii. 

 88 ; lily, ii. 87 ; lily associa- 

 tion, v. 29 ; lily, species of, 

 v. 29, 51 ; lilies, rhizomes of, 

 v. 28 ; lobelia, v. 23, 25, 26 ; 

 milfoil, ii. 92 ; mint, iv. 158 ; 

 mites, ii. 188 ; ouzel, ii. 196 ; 

 parsnip, v. 29 ; plantain, v. 

 29, 45, 50 ; plantains, disper- 

 sal of seed, v. 51 ; petrifac- 

 tion, vi. 187 ; plants, ii, 189 ; 

 plants, absence of hairiness, 

 v. 54 ; plants, air spaces of, v. 

 23 ; plants, structure of leaf, v. 

 28 ; polygonum, ii. 92 ; pepper 

 polygonum, v. 47 ; rail, ii. 

 190 ; rat, ii. 189, 196 ; 

 scorpion, method of breathing 

 ii. 124 ; scorpions, ii. 15 ; 

 shrew, ii 189, 190, 196 ; 

 skaters, ii. 15 ; snails, ii. 191, 

 194, 198 ; soldier, life-history 

 of, v. 23, 25 ; spider, ii. 124, 

 215 ; spider, eggs of, ii. 125, 

 215; sprites, ii. 194; star- 

 wort, ii. 87, 89, v. 46; 

 supply, iv. 147 ; tortoise, ii. 

 91 ; underground movement 

 of, vi. 183 ; various colours 

 of, v. 53 ;' violet, life-history 

 of, v. 25 ; vole, ii. 189, 190, 

 196 ; weed, ii. 126. 



