ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTS. 9 



7. OF THE NECTARY AND DISK. 49. 



107, Definition, #, Nectary labellum spur, 1>, Disk hypogynous epi 

 gynous, c, true character. 



8. OF AESTIVATION. 50. 



108, Definition vernation, #, illustration. 1, ./Estivation valvate, 2, Convo 

 lute, 3, Quincuncial, 4, Contorted, 5, Alternate, 6, Vexillary, 7, Indnpli 

 cate, 8, Supervolute. 



CHAPTER Vm. THE FRUIT. 51. 



109, Its importance design, a, utility. 6, in respect to time defined. 110 

 Analogous to ovary changes, a, examples. 



1. OF THE PERICARP. 52. 



Ill, Fruit consists of, a, naked seeds. 112, Pericarp defined epicarp sai 

 cocarp, a. illustration. 113, Physiology of growth, 114, of ripening, a, acidi- 

 fication, 0, maturity. 115, Deniscence indehiscent valves, 1, Dehiscence 

 loculicidal, 2, Septicidal, 3, Septifragal, 4, Sutural, 5, Circumscissile. 116, 

 Forms of pericarp. 1, Capsule, a, cells columella. 2, Silique. 3, Silicic. 

 4, Legume. 5, Follicle. 6, Drupe. 7, Nut. 8, Caryopsis. 9, Achenium. 

 10, Samara. 11, Pyxis. 12, Pome. 13, Pepo. 14, Berry strawberry black 

 berry. 15, Strobile. 



CHAPTER IX. THE FRUIT. 57. 

 2. OF THE SEED. 



117, The seed defined, a, its parts, 118, integuments testa mesosperm 

 endopleura, a, Testa, its substance surface form appendages, 6, Coma 

 distinguished. 119, Aril. 120, Hilum. 121, Seed orthotropous anatropous. 122, 

 Albumen where most abundant where wanting. 123, Embryo 124, its 

 parts, &, radicle, , plumule its direction. 125, Cotvledon, , the number, 

 &c. 126, Monocotyledons endogens. 127, Dicotyledons exogens distin 

 guished. 128, Cotyledons many none. 129, Embryos, number of. Spores 



J3. OF GERMINATION. 60. 



130, The embryo, its importance, a, germination defined, 131, the process ex 

 plained. 132, The cotyledons. 133, Conditions of gennmation, a, heat i, 

 water e, oxygen d, darkness. 134, Duration of the vitality of seeds. Note, 

 Two examples of. 



$4- OF DISSEMINATION. 61. 



135, Kemark examples, Erigeron a, Wings, hooks , Impatiens Streams 

 and oceans Squirrels, birds. 



CHAPTER X. THE ROOT. 62. 



136, Its definition origin, #, divisions. 137, Prone direction, a, horizontal 

 direction. 138, Number and extent. 139, How distinguished from stems. 140, Ex- 

 ceptions adventitious buds subterranean stems. 141, Collum a, stationary. 

 142, Parts of the root, a, caudex , fibres r, sppngioles. 143, Forms of roots. 

 144, Ramose a, analogous to branches illustration, i, further illustration, 

 c, extent of roots. 145, Fusiform root forked tap root premorse napiform. 

 146, Fibrous, a, fasciculated. 147, Tuberous, a, palmate , granulated. 148, 

 Use of fleshy roots. 149, Floating root. 150, Epiphytes parasites. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT. 66 



151, Internal structure. 152, Fibril^ structure function. 153, Growth of root, 

 154, Its most obvious function most important one a, illustration. 155, Activity 

 of absorption dependent on. 156, .Part which absorbs, &c. <z, illustration, 4 

 transplanting. 157, Force of absorption, a, illustration. 158, Cause of absorp 

 tion not capillary attraction, a, experiment in philosophy exosmose endos 

 mose. 159, Requisite conditions, a, how thev exist in the root, application 

 160, Use of absorption, a, power of choice illustration. 



