XII. FUMARIACE^E. 157 



5. PAPAVER. 



Celtic, -pupa, pap ; a soporific food for children, composed of poppy-seeds, &c; 



Sepals 2, caducous; petals 4 ; stamens 00; capsule 1 -celled, open- 

 ing by pores under the broad, persistent stigma. Exotic herbs, mostly 

 , with ivhite juice abounding in opium. 



1. P. SOMNIFERUM. Opium Poppy. 



Glabrous and glaucous ; Ivs. clasping, incised and dentate; sep. glabrous; 

 cap. globose. A plant with large, brilliantly white flowers, double in cultiva- 

 tion. StenxH 3f high. Leaves 48' by 23', with rather obtuse dentures. 

 Every part, but especially the capsule, abounds with a white juice powerfully 

 narcotic, and which when hardened in the sun, forms the opium of the shops. 

 For this drug, it is extensively cultivated in Europe and southern Asia. Jn. 

 Jl.f 



2. P. DTJBIUM. Dubious Poppy. 



Caulescent; st. hispid with spreading hairs ; Ivs. pinnately parted, seg- 

 ments incised; ped. clothed with appressed hairs; sep. hairy: caps, obovoid- 

 oblong, glabrous. Sparingly naturalized in cultivated grounds, Penn. Stem 

 about 2f high. Flowers light red or scarlet. Jn. Jl. $ 



3. P. RHJEAS. Common Red Poppy. St. many-flowered, hairy, Ivs. incisely 

 pinnatifid ; capsules smooth, nearly globose. Distinguished from the last spe- 

 cies chiefly by its more finely divided leaves and its globular capsule. About 

 2 f high. Flowers very large and showy, of a deep scarlet red. Varieties are 

 produced with various shades of red and particolored flowers, more or less dou- 

 ble. Jn. Jl.f 



4. P. ORIENTALS. Oriental Poppy. St. 1-flowered, rough ; Ivs. scabrous, 

 pinnate, serrate ; capsules smooth. Native of Levant. Stem 3 f high. 

 Flowers very large, and of a rich scarlet color, too brilliant to be looked upon 

 in the sun. Jn. f 



6. ESCHSCHOLTZ1A. 

 Named for Eschscholtz, a German botanist, well known for his researches in California. 



Sepals 2, cohering by their edge, caducous ; petals 4 ; stamens 00, 

 adhering to the claws of the petals ; stigmas 4 7, sessile, 2 3 of 

 them abortive ; capsule pod-shaped, cylindric, 10-striate, many- 

 seeded. (D Leaves pinnatifid, glaucous. The juice, which is colorless, 

 exhales the. odor of hydrochloric acid. 



1. E. DOUGLASII. Hook. (Chryseis Californica, ol Lindl. and ol 1st edit.) 

 St. branching, leafy ; torus obconic ; cal. ovoid, with a very short, abrupt acu- 

 mination ; pet. bright yellow, with an orange spot at base. A very showy 

 annual, common in our gardens. Native of California, Oregon, &c. The 

 foliage is smooth, abundant and rich, dividing in a twice or thrice pinnatifid 

 manner into linear segments. Flowers 2' broad, f 



2. E. CALIFORNICA. Hook. (Chryseis crocea, Lindl. and of 1st edit.} St. 

 branching, leafy ; torus funnel-form, with a much dilated limb ; cal. obconic, 

 with a long acumination; fls. orange-yellow. From California. Leaves and 

 color of flowers as in the preceding, except the latter are more of a reddish- 

 orange hue. f 



ORDER XII. FUMARIACE^. FUMEWORTS. 



Plants herbaceous, with brittle stems and a watery juice. 



Lvs. usually alternate, multifid, often furnished with tendrils. 



Fls. irregular, purple, white or yellow. Sep. 2, deciduous. 



Cor. Petals 4. hypogynous, parallel, one or both of the outer saccate, 2 inner cohenng.at apex. 



Sta. 6, diadelphous ; JiL dilated ; anth. adnate, extrorse, 2 outer 1-celled, middle 2-celled. 



Ova. superior, l -celled ; sty. filiform ; stig. with one or more points. 



Fr. either an indehiscent nut l 2-seeded, or-a pod-shaped capsule many-seeded. 



Sds. shining, ariled. Albumen fleshy. 



Genera 15, species HO, some of them beautiful and delicate, inhabiting thickets in the temperate 

 regions of the northern hemisphere They possess no remarkable action upon the animai economy 



