HEDERA. LXVIII. ARALJACE^E. 295 



branches. The root is pleasant to the taste, and highly esteemed as an ingre- 

 dient in small beer, &c. July. 



3. A. HISPIDA. Wild Elder. Bristly Aralia. 



St. shrubby at base, hispid ; Ivs. bipinnate ; Ifts. ovate, cut-serrate ; umbels 

 on long peduncles. Tj. Common in fields, about stumps and stone-heaps, N. Eng. 

 to-Va. Stem 1 21' high, the lower part woody and thickly beset with sharp, 

 stiff bristles, the upper part branching, herbaceous. Leaflets many, ending in 

 a long point, ovate, smooth. Umbels many, simple, globose, axillary and ter- 

 minal, followed by bunches of dark-colored, nauseous berries. The plant ex- 

 hales an unpleasant odor. ' Jl. Aug. 



A. SPINOSA. Angelica Tree. 



Arborescent ; st. and petioles prickly ; Ivs. bipinnate ; Ifts. ovate, acuminate 

 sessile, glaucous beneath; umbels numerous, forming a very large panicle 

 invol. small, few-leaved. Damp woods, Penn. to Flor. and La. Shrub 8 121 

 high, with the leaves all crowded near the summit. Flowers white. Aug.- 

 Emetic and cathartic, j: 



2. PAN AX. 



Gr. irav, all, a/cof , a remedy ; i. e. a panacea, or universal remedy. 



Diceciously polygamous. $ Calyx adnate to the ovary, limb short, 

 obsoletely 5-toothed ; petals 5 ; stamens 5, alternate with the petals ; 

 styles 2 3 ; fruit baccate, 2 3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. <? Calyx 

 limb nearly entire ; petals dnd stamens 5. Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 

 3 (in the herbaceous species), palmately compound. Fls. in a solitary, 

 simple umbel. 



1. P. TRIFOLIUM. Ground Nut. Lhvarf Ginseng. 



Rt. globose, tuberous ; Ivs. 3, verticillate, 3 5-foliate ; Ifts. wedge-lanceo- 

 late, serrate, subsessile ; sty. 3 ; berries 3-seeded. Common in low woods, Can. 

 to S. States. The globular root is deep in the ground, and nearly ' diam., 

 connected with the stem by a short, screw-like ligament. The stem arises 3 

 6' above the surface, smooth, slender, simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 

 compound leaves, with a central peduncle terminating in a little umbel of pure 

 white flowers. Leaflets generally 3, nearly or quite smooth. Barren and fer- 

 tile flowers on different plants, the latter without stamens, succeeded by green 

 berries, the former with a single, abortive style. May. 



2. P. QUINQUF.FOLIUM. Ginseng. 



Rt. fusiform ; Ivs. 3, verticillate, 5-foliate ; Ifts. oval, acuminate, serrate, 

 petiolate ; ped. of the umbel rather shorter than the conynon petioles. Not un- 

 common in rocky or mountainous woods, Can. to the mountains of the South- 

 ern States. Root whitish, thick and fleshy. Stem round, smooth, If high, 

 with a terminal whorl of 3 compound leaves, and a central peduncle bearing 

 a simple umbel. Loaves on round and smooth foot-stalks, consisting of 5, 

 rarely 3 or 7 obovate leaflets. The flowers are small, yellowish, on short pedi- 

 cels. The barren ones borne on separate plants have larger petals and an en- 

 tire calyx. The fertile ones are succeeded by berries of a bright scarlet color 

 The root is in little estimation as a drug with us, but it enters into the cornpo 

 sition of almost every medicine used by the Chinese and Tartars. Jn. Jl. 



3. HEDERA. 



Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the vine-like habit 



Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 5-seeded, 

 surrounded by the permanent calyx. European shrubby plants, dwib- 

 ing or erect, with simple, evergreen leaves and green flowers. 



H. HELIX. English Ivy. St and branches long and flexible, attached to the 

 earth or trees or walls by numerous radicating fibres ; Ivs. dark green, smooth, 

 with white veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovate ; fls. in numerous 

 umbels, forming a corymb; berry black, with a mealy pulp. Native of Britain. 

 There are several varieties in gardens, f 



