348 LXXV. COMPOSITE. CACALIA. 



Peduncles more or less thickened upwards.' Scales linear, acute, purplish ai 

 apex. Rays 4 5" long, spreading. May Aug. 



/?. BalsamitcB. (S. Balsamitae. Muhl.} SL villous at base ; Ivs. few, small 

 and distant, pubescent, radical ones oblong-lanceolate ; ped. villous at base. 

 Rocky hills and pastures. 



y. gracilis. (S. gracilis. Ph.) Radical Ivs. orbicular, on long petioles, can* 

 line few, linear-oblong, incisely dentate ; ped. short, pilose, with small, few- 

 rayed heads. A slender state of the species, on rocky shores. 



&.' obovatus. (S. obovatus. WiUa.~) Radical Ivs. obovatej^ed. elongated. 

 Meadows, &c. 



c. lanceolatus. Oakes. Radical Lvs. lanceolate, acute, cauline lanceolate, pin- 

 natifid at base. Shady swamps, Vt. Robbins. 



3. S. PSEUDO-ELEGANS. DC. (S. elegans. Linn.) Purple Jacobaa. Lvs. 

 equal, pinnatifid, pilose-viscid, spreading ; ped. somewhat scaly ; invol. calyc- 

 ulate with leafy scales ; scales mostly withered at the tips. Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. A beautiful plant in cultivation. Flowers of the disk yellow, 

 of the rays of a most brilliant purple. A variety has double flowers, with colors 

 equally brilliant. Another variety has white flowers. Jn. Aug. f 



Section 3. Heads discoid. 



50. HYM.ENOPAPPUS. L'Her. 



Gr. vpEv, a membrane.TraTrrroj, pappus; from the character. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all $, tubular; scales 6 12, in 2 

 series, oval, obtuse, membranaceous, colored 5 receptacle small, naked ; 

 anthers exserted ; achenia broad at the summit, attenuate to the 

 base ; pappus of many short, obtuse, membranaceous scales in one se- 

 ries. (D or % North American, villose herbs. St. grooved and angled. 

 Lvs. alternate, pinnalely divided. 



H. SCABIOS.EUS. L'Her. 



Hoary-villose, or nearly glabrous ; Ivs. pinnately or bipinnately parted, 

 segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly toothed; Ms. collected in simple 

 corymbs; scales of the invol. obovate, 7 11, white, greenish at base, undulate 

 on the margin, longer than the disk ; cor. deeply lobed ; ach. pubescent. 111. 

 Mead ! and Southern States. Stem 1 2f high, whitish with soft cotton when 

 young, at length purplish and glabrous. Segments 1 !' by 1 2", rather 

 acute. Heads whitish, about 21-flowered. (Apr. May. T. fy G. Aug. Mead.) 



51. CACALIA. 



An ancient Gr. name of an uncertain plant. 



Flowers all $ ; involucre cylindric, oblong, often calyculate with 

 small scales at the base ; receptacle not chafly ; pappus capillary, 

 scabrous. Mostly %. Sjnooth. Lvs. alternate. Hds. offls. carymbed. 

 mostly cyanic. 



1. C. SUAVEOLENS. Wild Caraway. 



Glabrous; si. striate-angular; Ivs. petiolate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, 

 vmooth, green on both sides; fls. corymbed, erect; invol. many-flowered. Q| 

 Western N. Y. to Conn., Robbins ! to Ga. ! and 111. Stems 4 5f high, striate, 

 leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed; cauline ones on winged stalks. 

 Flowers whitish, in a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and peduncles 

 smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath the involucre, and beneath the divisions 

 of the peduncles. Aug. Resembles a Nabalus. 



2. C. ATRIPL.ICIFOLIA. Orocke-leaved Caraway. 



St. herbaceous ; Ivs. petiolate, smooth, glaucous beneath, radical ones cor- 

 date, dentate, Cciuline ones rhomboid, sub-bidentate on each side ; fis. corymbed, 

 erect.; invol. 5-flowered. N. Y. to Ga. and 111. ! Stem 3 5f high, "round, 

 leafy, subramose. Leaves alternate, the lower ones as large as the hand, with 

 large, unequal teeth. Heads of flowers small, ovoid-cylindric, whitish, loosely 

 orymbose at the tops of the branches. .Tl. Sept. 



