KBIGIA. LXXV. COMPOSITE. 357 



Heads about 1' diam., with linear-lanceolate bracts at base. Flowers purple or 

 purplish-white. Aug. 



8. C. VIRGINIANUM. Michx. (Carduus. Linn. Cnicus. Ph.} 

 Slender and mostly simple ; Ixs. sessile, lanceolate, margin revolute, entire 

 or repand-dentate, teeth spinescent, or sometimes remotely sinuate- lobed or pin- 

 natifid, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose-canescent ; hds. small; 

 invol. subglobose ; scales tipped with a short, spreading prickle. Woods, Ohio, 

 T.*$* G., and Southern States. Plant about the size of the Canada thistle, 

 clothed with an arachnoid pubescence, with few or many heads (sometimes but 

 one) which are about 4' diam. Flowers purple. Apr. Sept. 



70. LAPP A. Tourn. 

 Lat lappa, a burr, from Gr. Aa/?j>, to lay hold of; a characteristic term. 



Heads discoid, homogamous 5 involucre globose, the scales imbri- 

 cated and hooked at the extremity ; receptacle bristly ; pappus bristly, 

 scabrous, caducous. (D Coarse, European herbs. Lvs. alternate, large. 



L. MAJOR. Gaert. (AreUam Lappa. Linn.} Burdock. 



Lvs. cordate, unarmed, petioled. Common in waste and cultivated 

 grounds, fields, N. Eng. Mid. and W. States. Each plant is a large, conical, 

 ill-scented and coarse looking mass of vegetation, surmounted by a branching, 

 irregular panicle of ovoid heads with tubular corollas of an exceedingly deli- 

 cate pink color. The leaves are very large, with wavy edges. This plant is 

 an instance of design in the dissemination of seeds, such as cannot be mis- 

 taken. The scales of the involucre all end in a minute, firm hook, which seizes 

 hold of everything that passes by. Thus men and animals are made the unwil- 

 ling agents of scattering widely the seeds of this unsightly plant. July, Aug. $ 

 8. Leaves pinnatifid. Penn. Dr. Darlington. 



SUBORDER 2. L IGTJL.IFL.ORJE. 



Flowers all perfect, ligulate, in a radiatiform or radiant head. 



TRIBE 6. CICHORACE2E. 



Branches of the style uniformly pubescent. Plants with a milky juice. 



Leaves alternate. 

 71. CICHORIUM. Tourn. 



The Egyptian name chtfcouryeh, whence Gr. /tt^wpjj, and Eng. succory. 



Involucre double, the outer of 5 leafy ^scales, the inner of about 8 

 linear ones ; receptacle chaffy ; pappus scaly ; achenia not rostrate, ob- 

 scurely 5-sided. Oriental herbs with bright bluefls., about 20 in a head. 



1. C. INTYBUS. Succory. Fls. in pairs, axillary, sessile ; lower Ivs. runcinate. 

 7J. A European plant 2 3f high, with large, showy, sky-blue flowers, natu- 

 ralized in grass fields, by roadsides, and becoming quite common in many 

 localities. Stem round, with few long branches, rough. The upper leaves 

 become cordate acuminate, sessile, inconspicuous, only the radical ones runci- 

 nate. The flowers are 1 2' diam., and placed rather remote on the. longnaked- 

 ish branches. Corollas flat, 5-toothed. The root is used in France as a substi- 

 tute for coffee. July Sept. 



2. C. ENDIVIA. Endive. Fed. axillary, in pairs, one of them elongaiej and 

 1 -headed, the other very short, about 4-headed ; hds. capitate.- A hardy annual, - 

 from the E. Indies, esteemed and cultivated for salad. The French physicians 

 have recently found it a remedy for jaundice. 



72. KRIG1A. Schreb. 



Dedicated to Dr. Daniel Krieg, a German botanist 



Involucre many-leaved, nearly simple, equal; receptacle naked; 

 pappus double, or consisting of 5 broad, membranous scales surround- 

 ing 5 8 bristles several times as long as the 5-angled achenia. 

 'Small acaulescent herbs. Heads solitary, with 20 30 yellow flowers. 



