464 CIV. OLEACE^E. SYRINGA 



a 5-cleft, urceolate corona, terminating in 5 filiform awns ; filaments 

 distinct, anthers cohering, bearded on the back ; pollinia" solitary, 4- 

 lobed ; follicles 2, smooth, divaricate; seeds comose. Twining shrubs. 

 Fls. in umbels or cymes. 



P. GR2ECA. 



. Lvs. ovate, acuminate ; corymbs axillary ; cm: villous within. A climb- 

 ing shrub, 10 15f long, sparingly naturalized in Western N. Y., also culti- 

 vated in gardens. Leaves opposite, 34' long, | as wide, and on petioles f 

 long. Flowers in long, branching, axillary peduncles. Sepals minute, lan- 

 ceolate, acute. Petals very hairy within, linear, obtuse, dark purple. Folli- 

 cles about 2' long. Aug. 



ORDER CIII. JASMINACE^E. JASMINWORTS. 



Shrubs, often with twining stems. Lvs. opposite or alternate, mostly compound. 



fit. opposite, in corymbs, white or yellow, mostly fragrant. 



Cal. divided or toothed, persistent. 



Cor. regular, hypocrateriform, limb in 5 8 divisions, twisted-imbricate in aestivation. 



Sta. 2. arising from the corolla and included within its tube. 



Ova. free, 2-celled, each cell with 1 erect ovule. Sty. 1. Stig. 2-lobed. 



Fr. either a double berry, or a capsule separable into 2. Sds. 2. 



Genera 5, species 100, ornamental shrubs abounding in tropical India. The essential oil which pervades 

 the order, residing chiefly in the flowers, is exquisitely fragrant. On this account, as well as for their 

 beauty, many of- these plants are cultivated. 



JASMINUM. 



Gr. ta<r^/7, perfume ; from the fragrance of the flowers. 



Calyx tubular, 5 10-cleft; corolla hypocrateriform, tube long, 

 limb flat, 5 10-cleft ; berry double ; seeds 2, solitary, ariled. 

 Shrubs bushy or climbing. Lvs. opposite, compound. Petioles articu- 

 lated. Fls. paniculate. 



1. J. FRUTICANS. Yellow Jasmine. Glabrous, erect; branches angular; Ivs. 

 alternate, trifoliate, rarely simple ; Ifts. curved ; Jls. few, subterminal ; cal. seg- 

 ments subulate ; cor. tube twice longer than the calyx, limb of 5, obtuse lobes. 

 S. Europe. Stem 3f high. Flowers yellow, inodorous, tube about 6" long. 

 Propagated by layers, f 



2. J. OFFICINALE. White Jasmine. Smooth, scarcely climbing ; branches sub- 

 angulate; Ifts. 3 7, lanceolate, acuminate; panicles terminal, few-flowered, 

 corymbose ; cor. tube twice longer than the calyx. Asia. Stem several feet in 

 length. Flowers white. Both species are beautiful and much cultivated. The 

 deliciously fragrant oil of Jasmine of the shops is extracted from this plant, f 



ORDER CIV. OLEACE^E. OLIVES. 



Trees and shrubs, with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate leaves. 



Fls. perfect (sometimes dioecious). Sepals united at base, persistent. [vation ; rarely 0. 



Cor. Petals 4, united below, sometimes distinct but connected in pairs by the filaments, vaivate in a?sti- 



&ta. 2. alternate with the petals. Antfi. 2-celled, bursting longitudinally. 



Ova. free, 2-ceid. Ovules in pairs, pendulous. Style l or 0. Stigma entire or bifid. 



Fr. drupaceous, baccate or samara, usually 1-seeded by abortion. 



Sds. Albumen dense, fleshy, abundant, twice as long as the straight embryo. 



Genera 24, species 130, natives of temperate climates. The ash is very abundant in N. America. The 

 Phillyreas and the Syringas are all Oriental. 



Properties. Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of the olive. (Olea Europaea). The bark of this 

 tree, and also of the ash, is bitter, astringent and febrifugal. Manna, a sweet, gentle purgative, is the 

 concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxinus, particularly of the European F. Ornus. The spe- 

 cies of the ash are well known for their useful timber. 



Conspectus of the Genera. 



( Corolla tube long, including the short stamens. .... Syringa. 1 



< Uimb of spreading, ovate segments. . . . Lygustrum. 2 



$ colored. ( Corolla tube short, limb of long, linear segments Chionanthus. 3 



Floweret green. Fruit a simple samara. Trees with pinnate leaves, .... Fraxinus. 4 



1. SYRINGA. 

 Gr. avptvi-, a shepherd's pipe ; from the use once made of its branches. 



Calyx small, teeth erect; corolla hypocrateriform, tube several 



