CELTIS. CXVI. ULMACE^. 483 



the ends of the young shoots. Calyx downy, sessile. Stamens short, reddish, 7 

 in number. April. 



3. U. RACEMOSA. Thomas. Cork Elm. 



Lvs. ovate, acuminate, auriculate on one side ; fls. in racemes ; pedicels in 

 distinct fascicles, united at their base. A tree found in Meriden, N. H. ! to 

 N. Y. ! The twigs and branches are remarkably distinguished by their nume- 

 rous, corky, wing-like excrescences. Leaves 3 4' long, } as wide, produced 

 into a rounded auricle on one side, doubly serrate, smooth above, veins and 

 under surface minutely pubescent. Flowers pedicellate, 2 4 in each of the 

 fascicles which are arranged in racemes. Calyx 7 8-cleft. Stamens 710. 

 Stigmas recurved. Samara ovate, pubescent, the margin doubly fringed. 



4. U. CAMPESTRIS. English Elm. Lvs. (small) ovate, doubly serrate, unequal 

 at base ; fls. subsessile, densely clustered ; sta. 5 8 ; col. segments rounded, ob- 

 tuse; samara suborbicular, the border destitute of a fringe of hairs. From 

 Europe. Introduced and naturalized in the Eastern States to a small extent. 

 It is a majestic tree, 50 70f high. The main trunk is 2 4f diam. at base, 

 usually prolonged to the summit. The bark is more rough and broken than 

 that of the American elm, the branches more rigid and thrown off at a larger 

 angle, the foliage more dense, consisting of smaller and darker-colored leaves. 

 In form it favors the oak more than our own native elms. Many trees of this 

 kind, in the vicinity of Boston, are particularly mentioned in Emerson's Report, 

 pp. 301, 302. 



5. U. MONTANA. Scotch Elm. Wych Elm. Lvs. doubly serrate, unequal at 

 base ; fls. pedicellate ; sta. 6 8 ; samara with the margin fringed. Another 

 European elm, often attaining an enormous size. The timber is highly valua- 

 ble. In form it more nearly resembles the slippery elm than the white elm. 



6. U. NEMORALIS. River Elm. 



Lvs. oblong, nearly smooth, equally serrate, nearly equal at the base ; fls. 

 sessile. Banks of rivers, N. Eng. to Virginia, according to Pursh, Fl. p. 200, 

 but unknown to any subsequent botanist. 



2. CELTIS. 



Celtis was the ancient name for the lotus, which this genus is said to reiemble. 



Flowers monoecious-polygamous. & Calyx 6-parted ; stamens 6 

 $ Calyx 5-parted ; stamens 5 ; styles 2 ; stigmas subulate, elongated, 

 spreading ; drupe 1 -seeded. Trees or large shrubs. Lvs. mostly 

 oblique at base. Fls. subsolitary, axillary. 



1. C. OCCIDENTALIS. American Nettle Tree. Hoop Ash. Beaver Wood. 

 Lvs. ovate, acuminate, entire and unequal at base, serrate, rough above, 



and rough-hairy beneath ; fr. solitary. This species is some 30f high in New 

 England, where it is rarely found, but is much more abundant at the South 

 and West. The trunk has a rough, but unbroken bark, with numerous slen- 

 der, horizontal branches. Leaves with a very long acumination, and remarka- 

 bly unequal at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, small and white, succeeded 

 by a small, round, dull red drupe. The wood is tough, and is used for making 

 hoops, &c. 



2. C. CRASSIFOLIA. Lam. Hackberry. 



Lvs. ovate, acuminate, serrate, unequally cordate at base, subcoriaceous, 

 rough both sides ; ped. about 2-flowered. This tree is thinly disseminated in 

 the northern parts of the U. S. In woods it is distinguished by its straight, 

 slender trunk, undivided to a great height, covered with an unbroken bark. 

 The leaves are of a thick and firm texture, very large, heart-shaped at base. 

 Flowers small, white, succeeded by a round, black drupe about the size of the 

 whortleberry. The wood is white and close-grained, but neither strong nor 

 durable. May. 



3. C. PUMILA. Pursh. (C. occidentalis. /?. MuM.") 



Lvs. broadly ovate, acuminate, equally serrate, unequal at the base, smooth 

 on both surfaces, the younger only pubescent ; ped. mostly 3-flowered ; fruit 

 solitary. A small shrub, on the banks of rivers, Md., Va, Pursh. Leaves 

 41* 



