490 CXXIII. JUGLANDACE^E. JUOLANS. 



each end, nearly smooth, with a revolute margin. A small, prostrate, alpine 

 shrub, found on the granite rocks of the White Mts. of N. H., and the calcare- 

 ous mountains of Vt. The stem is 1 to 3 or 4f long, much branched and 

 closely covered all around with evergreen leaves, which are f ' long and a 

 line wide. Flowers very small, reddish, crowded in the axils of the upper 

 leaves. Berries black, not ill-flavored. May, Jn. 



2. OAK ESI A. Tuckerman. 



Dedicated to William Oakes, Esq., of Ipswich, Mass., to whom N. Eng. botany is greatly indebted. 



Flowers & 9- & Stamens 3, enclosed in 3 6 membranaceous, 

 sepaloid scales ; fil. filiform, exserted, distinct ; anth. 2-lobed, open- 

 ing by lateral clefts. 9 or $ Calyx of 3 equal, membranaceous 

 scales in the axis of a larger, ovate, ciliate scale ; stam. 3 or ; sty. 

 trifid ; ova. 3-celled ; drupe 3-seeded. 



0. CONRADI. (Ernpetrum. Torr. Tuckermania. Klolzch.} Plymouth 

 Crowberry. A low, bushy, tufted shrub, about If high, in Plymouth, Mass., 



Emerson, pine barrens, N. J., Torrey, N. Y., Vasey. Stems slender, with a 

 reddish 7 ash-colored bark, with short," verticillate branches. Leaves evergreen, 

 numerous, spiral or imperfectly verticillate, |' long, linear, revolute. Flowers 

 in terminal clusters of 1015, with brownish scales and purple stamens and 

 styles. Plants with are less common than those with ^ or 9 . March, Apr. 



ORDER CXXIII. JUGLANDACEJE. WALNUTS. 



Trees, with alternate and unequally pinnate leaves and no stipules. 



Fls. green, inconspicuous, monrt-cious. Sterile in aments. Coro M a 0. 



Cal. membranaceous, oblique, irregular. Sla. indefinite (336). 



Fertile in small clusters. Corolla or sometimes present and 3 5-petaled. 



Ca' Tube adherent, limb 3 5-parted. [dilated. 



Ova. l-ceiled (partially 2 4-celled). Ovule solitary, erect. Styles 02, very short. Stig. 12, much 



Ft. drupaceous, 1-celled, with 24 imperfect partitions ; endocarp bony. 



Sd. 2 4-lobed, without albumen, oily. 



<uenera 4, species 27, mostly North American. 



Properties. The well known fruit of the butternut, walnut, peecan-nut, $-c., is sweet and whole- 

 >we, abounding in a rich, drying oil. The epicarp, and even the integument of the kernel, are very 

 istnngent. The timber is highly valuable. 



Genera. 



U-cleft. Leaves 15 2l-foliat,e Jug Jans. I 



lorolla of the fertile flowers (. none. Leaves 5 9-foliate. Carya. 2 



1. JUGLANS. 



Lat. Jovis glans; i. e. the nut of Jove ; a name given it by way of eminence 



d* in an imbricated, simple ament ; calyx scale 5 6-parted, some- 

 what bracteate at base ; stamens about 20. 9 Calyx 4-cleft, superior ; 

 sorolla 4-parted ; stigmas 2 ; fruit drupaceous, epicarp spongy, inde- 

 biscent, endocarp rugose and irregularly furrowed. Trees of large 

 size, with alternate, unequally pinnate leaves. Leaflets numerous. 

 Sterile aments axillary. Fertile flowers terminal. 



1. J. CINEREA. (J. cathartica. Michx.} Butternut. White Walnut. 

 Lfts. numerous (15 17), lanceolate, serrate, rounded at the base, sofl- 



oubescent beneath ; petioles villous ; f>: oblong-ovate, with a terminal, obtuse 

 point, viscid, hairy ; nuckus oblong, acuminate, deeply and irregularly furrow- 

 ed. The butternut is found throughout the N. England. Middle and Western 

 .States, and Canada, growing on elevated river-banks and on cold, uneven, 

 ocky soils. It is 40 50f high, with a large, but short trunk. The branches 

 ire horizontal, and unusually wide-spreading, forming a very large head 

 Leaves 12 20' long, consisting of 7 or 8 pairs of leaflets, with an odd one. 

 Barren flowers in long aments ; fertile in short spikes. The kernel is oily, 

 pleasant-flavored, and well-known in N. England. The wood is of a reddish 

 hue, light, and is considerably used in panneling and ornamental work. From 

 'h bark is extracted an excellent cathartic. April, May. 



