PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING 47 



harrow or cultivator can pass, the maintenance work becomes a ques- 

 tion of hand work instead of team work. 



TRANSPLANTING SHRUBS EFFICIENTLY. In transplanting shrubbery 

 the stock should be left out of the ground as short a time as possible. 

 A crew of two or three men under one competent planting foreman is as 

 many as can be operated to good advantage in planting shrubbery and 

 perennials according to some definite plan, unless the men are thor- 

 oughly familiar with methods of planting, and the required loca- 

 tion for the plants. 



TRANSPLANTING VINES. The transplanting of vines is similar to 

 transplanting shrubs. Vines are very often planted too close to foun- 

 dation walls. Care must be taken not to set plants against a wall, 

 but rather three or four inches away. All foreign material, such as 

 lime, bricks, etc., should be removed from the ground to a depth of at 

 least twelve inches, and the vines placed in excellent, fine soil. Vines 

 should not be planted against walls or buildings where the overhang 

 of the eaves or other features of the building will deprive them of the 

 normal amount of rain; otherwise great care must be exercised in 

 artificial watering. 



TRANSPLANTING PERENNIALS. The season for transplanting peren- 

 nials is not quite as definite as the season for transplanting trees and 

 shrubs. Under normal conditions of cloudy days and good mulch- 

 ing protection to prevent later evaporation perennials can be trans- 

 planted during their growing period, except when they are nearing 

 their maximum of growth and blooming condition. It is preferable, 

 however, to transplant perennials as soon as their maximum growth is 

 completed for the season, and at the time when the newly transplanted 

 material can obtain a slight root growth in its new location before 

 winter conditions commence. There are some types of perennials, as 

 indicated in group No. XL-A, Page 289, which should be transplanted 

 in the fall, and others which should be transplanted in the spring. 

 For most perennial stock, however, there is no difference between fall 

 planting and spring planting, provided the proper time is selected at 

 either season. The principal objection to transplanting perennials in 

 the fall is that in heavy clay soils and in the colder climates the plants, 

 if not carefully mulched during the winter months, are apt to be 

 heaved from their new locations by freezing and thawing. Per- 



