362 THE COMPLETE GARDEN 



Friable: 



Easily crumbled, mellow, allowing free and unobstructed root develop- 

 ment. A term used in describing a condition of soil. 



Frozen Ball: 



A solidly frozen ball of earth containing a major part of the root sys- 

 tem of a plant (usually a tree) which is being transplanted. Ball of 

 earth must be frozen sufficiently solid so that it will not split during 

 normal transplanting operations. 



Fungus: 



A flowerless plant not containing chlorophyll and generally parasitic 

 upon another living plant. 



Furrow: 



A shallow trench made by or as by a plow. 



Gall: 



An abnormal swelling or excrescence caused by gall flies. 



Gas Lime: 



Is a mixture of slaked lime or calcium hydrate, and carbonate of lime, 

 together with sulphites and sulphides of lime. These last are injurious 

 to young plant life until they have been exposed to the air for some 

 time. Gas lime usually contains 40 per cent, of calcium oxide and 

 sometimes a small percentage of nitrogen. 



Girdle: 



n. An incision or several incisions which sever the cambium layer of a 

 woody plant to the woody tissue and for the whole circumference of the 

 stem. It may be a circular cut, a spiral cut, or may consist of sev- 

 eral cuts more or less widely separated, but whose horizontal projection 

 would form a closed circle, v. To kill a tree by girdling it. 



Ground Cover: 



Small plants or vines, usually growing not more than a foot high, which 

 will spread out and conceal the surface of the ground from view. 



Grubbing: 



Clipping and digging out roots, stumps, etc. Turning over and 

 breaking up the sod with a grub hoe or mattock. 



Guying Trees: 



Placing wires or stays on trees or portions of trees to prevent them 

 being blown over or broken by the wind ; more especially the placing 



