GLOSSARY 373 



being filled around the base of the trees during the transplanting 

 operation. 



Sun-scald: 



An injury to the cambium layer of a plant caused by the heat of the 

 sun's rays; also a burning of the leaves of certain plants. 



Suppressed Growth: 



Growth in shaded areas that has been retarded because of a lack of 

 sunlight. 



Tamping: 



The operation of making firm and solid all earth filled around roots 

 of newly transplanted stock. It helps to eliminate unnecessary air 

 spaces. 



Tap-root: 



A long central root running deep into the soil. 



Tip-burn: 



The condition of the edge of leaves of plants caused by too luxuriant 

 growth followed by excessive heat and drought. 



Topiary Work: 



The cutting and trimming of shrubs and trees, especially evergreens, 

 into odd or ornamental shapes, thus producing an effect entirely dif- 

 ferent from that produced by the natural growing habits of the plant. 

 (Birds, vases, urns, etc.) 



Top-dressing: 



A thin layer of manure spread over the surface of the ground, no at^ 

 tempt being made to work it into the soil. 



Top-pruning: 



The pruning of the top of a plant, especially the removal of the leader, 

 to cause the plant to spread over a wider area and attain less height. 

 Sometimes called " topping." 



Topsoil: 



A term applied to that part of the earth's surface which is tilled and 

 consists of a soil ranging from a sandy loam to a clayey loam, contain- 

 ing the chief elements necessary to support vegetation, in a condition 

 readily made available as plant food, and containing sufficient moist- 

 ure to support plant life. Usually consisting of the top layer of 

 virgin soil (four inches to eighteen inches deep). 



