78 



AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. 



Silica and coarse siliceous sand 88*980 



Alumina - - - . 2*240 



Protoxide and peroxide of iron 3*840 



Peroxide of manganese - - a trace 



Carbonate of lime ... 2*720 



Carbonate of magnesia ... 0'600 



Potash and soda - - - 0'095 



Phosphate of lime ... 1.510 



Sulphate of lime ... a trace 



Common salt .... 0*015 



100-000 



At a greater depth than the subsoil of 

 which the analysis is here given, the soil 

 passes into mar], which contains 20| per 

 cent, of carbonate of lime. The sulphuric 

 acid deficient in the soil was supplied by 

 means of the gypsum. 



SOILS IN THE KINGDOM OF HANOVER. 



20. (A) Analysis of a barren heath-soil 

 from Aurich in Ostfriesland ; (B) a sandy 

 soil containing much humus but also sterile ; 

 (C) a sandy soil possessing the same cha- 

 racters as B. 100 parts contained : 



(A) (B) (C) 

 Silica and coarse siliceous 



sand - - 95-778 85'973 96*721 



Alumina - - 0'320 0320 0*370 



Protoxide and peroxide of 



iron - - 0*400 0-440 0*480 



Peroxide of manganese a trace a trace a trace 

 Lime - - 0*286 0.160 O'OOS 

 Magnesia - 0'060 0:240 0*080 

 Soda - .:> 0*036 0*012 0*036 



Potash -a trace a trace a trace 



Phosphoric acid a trace a trace a trace 



Sulphuric acid - a trace a trace a trace 



Chlorine in common salt 0*052 0'019 0*058 

 Humus - - 0-768 0*636 O'SOO 



Vegetable remains 2*300 8*200 1'450 



100-000 100*000 100-000 



21. Analysis of the clayey subsoil of a 

 moor, which, after being burned, is used as 

 a manure to the above soils, A, B, C. 100 

 parts contain : 



Silica and siliceous sand - v 87'219 



Alumina .... 4*200 



Peroxide of iron with a little phosphoric acid 5*200 

 Peroxide of manganese ' 0*310 



Lime . ; *" ' 0*320 



Magnesia - - . - 0*380 



Potash principally combined with silica 0*130 

 Soda principally combined with silica - 0*274 

 Sulphurii? acid combined with lime, magne- 

 sia, and potash ... 0*965 

 Chlorine .... 0'002 

 Humus - - - - I'OOO 



100*000 



By comparing this analysis with that of 

 the three soils which have preceded, it will 

 be observed that this subsoil is fitted to im- 

 part to them those mineral ingredients in 

 which they are deficient. 



22. Surface soil of a barren heath in the 

 vicinity of Walsrode in Luneberg. 100 

 parts by weight contain : 



Silica and siliceous sand ... 92*216 



Alumina - ... 0*266 



Peroxide of iron ... 942 



Protoxide of iron ... 0*394 



Peroxide of manganese < - - a trace 



Lime, in combination with silica, sulphuric 



acid, and humus - - - 1*653 



Magnesia, in combination with silica 0'036 



Potash, principally in combination with silica 0'038 

 Soda - ... 



Phosphoric acid .... 

 Sulphuric acid ... 

 Chlorine ..... 

 Humus, soluble in alkaline carbonates 

 Humus ..... 

 Resinous matter ... 



100-000 



This soil contains a large quantity of 

 protoxide of iron, which, together with a 

 deficiency of phosphoric acid, is the cause 

 of its sterility. But when this land was 

 manured with the ashes of peat, it was 

 rendered much more fertile. The ashes 

 used for this purpose were found to contain 

 in 100 parts : 



Silica, with siliceous sand ;** - 96*352 

 Alumina - - - 1*859 

 Peroxide and protoxide of iron, with a lit- 

 tle phosphoric acid - - 1*120 

 Peroxide of manganese . 160 

 Lime - - . 0*112 

 Magnesia - - 0*141 

 Potash - *** ' - -i, . 0-093 

 Soda ..... 0.007 

 Sulphuric acid ... 0-152 

 Chlorine - , .,' - - - 0'004 



100-000 



The ashes, on exposure to the air, ab- 

 sorbed ammonia. 



23. Analysis of a very fertile loamy soil 

 from Gottingen. It is very rich in humus, 

 and produces beautiful crops of peas, beans, 

 lucerne, and beet. The sieve separates from 

 100 parts of the soil : 



Small stones, principally limestone - 1 



Quarzy sand, with a little magnetic iron sand 15 

 Earthy part '<.;,- .. -.'-- ._: 84 



100 



100 parts of the soil, freed from stones, 

 consists of : 



Silica, and fine siliceous sand . - 83*298 



Alumina, combined with silica - T413 



Alumina, partly in combination with humus 3'715 

 Peroxide and protoxide of iron, in combi- 

 nation with silica - - - 0.724 

 Peroxide and protoxide of iron, partly free 



and partly in combination with humus 2*244 

 Peroxide and protoxide of manganese 0.280 



Lime, with coal of humus, sulphur, and 



phosphoric acid - . T814 



Magnesia, combined with silica 0'422 



Magnesia, combined with humus 0'400 



Potash -..' - - - * 0-003 



Soda - ... . 0*001 



Phosphoric acid 0'166 



Sulphuric acid .... 0*069 

 Chlorine .... 0003 



Carbonic acid (as carbonate of lime) 0*440 

 Humus, soluble in alkalies 0*789 



Humus, with a little water - 3*250 



Nitrogenous matter ... 0*960 

 Resinous matter ... a trace 



100-000 

 The subsoil is of tne same composition as 



