46 



ANIMAL CHEMISTRY. 



Or 



6 atoms benzoic acid, 6 

 27 1 2 atoms urea . . 27 



3 atoms choleic acid 3 

 15 atoms carbonic acid 15 

 12 atoms water . 12 



15 ) -f O 45 = C 240 N 30 H 195 O 120 



The sum is 



C 27 N s 



C 114 N 3 H 99 O 38 

 C 15 O 30 



H 12 12 



^195^20 



35. Lastly, let us follow the metamor- 

 phosis of the tissues in the fcetal calf, con- 

 sidering the proteine furnished in the blood 

 of the mother as the substance which under- 

 goes or has undergone a transformation; it 



will appear that 2 at. of proteme withou* 

 the addition of oxygen or any other foreign 

 element, except 2 at. of water, contain the 

 elements of 6 at. of allantoine and 1 at. of 

 choloidic acid (meconium?) 



2 atoms proteine = 2 fG*NH*QH) + 2 atoms water = 2HO = C 8 N a H*O 11 

 6 atoms allantoine, 6 (C 4 N 2 H 3 O 3 ) = CWH^O 18 

 1 atom choloidic acid = C 72 H 56 O 12 



f 



_. 3 



^ 



36. But the elements of the six atoms of I exactly to the elements of 2 at. ol uric acid, 

 allantoine in the last equation correspond | 2 at. of urea, and 2 at. of water. 



'2 atoms uric acid C 20 N 8 H 8 O 12 

 6 atoms of allantoine = C^N^H^O 18 < 



atoms water H 2 O 2 



The relations of allantoine, which is found 

 in the urine of the foetal calf, to the nitro- 

 genized constituents of the urine in animals 

 which respire, are, as may be seen by com- 

 paring the above formula?, such as cannot 

 be overlooked or doubted. Allantoine con- 

 tains the elements of uric acid and urea 

 that is, of the nitrogenized products of the 



transformation of the compounds of proteme. 

 37. Further, if to the formula of proteine, 

 multiplied by 3, we add the elements of 4 

 at. of water, and if we deduct from the sum 

 of all the elements half of the elements of 

 choloidic acid, there remains a formula 

 which expresses very nearly the composi- 

 tion of gelatine. From 



3 (C-WH^O 14 ) -f 4 HO . . . 

 Subtract atom choloidic acid 

 There remain 



C 144 N 18 H 112 O 46 

 ; C 36 H 28 O 6 



C 108 N 18 H 84 O 40 (35) 



38. Subtracting from this formula of gela- 

 tine the elements of 2 at. of proteine, there 

 remain the elements of urea, uric acid, and 



water, or of 3 at. of allantoine and 3 at. of 

 water. Thus 



-l 



Formula of gelatine (Mulder) 



Subtract 2 atoms, proteine . C 96 N 12 H 72 O 28 



There remain . . 

 1 atom uric acid C 10 N 4 H 4 O 6 } 

 1 atom urea . C 2 N 2 H 4 O 2 = 

 4 atoms water H 4 O 4 3 



C 12 N 6 H 12 O 12 



3 atoms allantoine C K N 6 H 9 O 9 

 3 atoms water , H 3 O 3 



39. The numerical proportions calculated 

 from the above formula differ from those 

 actually obtained in the analyses of Mulder 

 and Sherer in this, that the latter indicate 

 somewhat less of nitrogen in gelatine; but 

 if we assume the formula to be correct, it 

 then appears, from the statement just given, 

 that the elements of two atoms of proteine, 

 plus the nitrogenized products of the trans- 

 formation of a third atom of proteine (uric 

 acid and urea) and water; or three atoms 

 of proteine, minm the elements of a com- 

 pound containing no nitrogen, which ac- 

 tually occurs as one of the products of the 

 transformation of choleic acid, yield in both 

 cases a formula closely approaching to the 

 composition^ gelatinous tissues. We must, 

 however, attach to such formula, and to 

 the considerations arising from them, no 



more importance than justly belongs to 

 them. I would constantly remind the reader 

 that their use is to serve as points of con- 

 nexion, which may enable us to acquire 

 more accurate views as to the production 

 and decomposition of those compounds 

 which form the animal tissues. They are 

 the first attempts to discover the path which 

 we must follow in order to attain the object 

 of our researches; and this object, the goal 

 we strive to reach, is, and must be, at- 

 tainable. 



The experience of all those who have oc- 

 cupied themselves with researches into na- 

 tural phenomena leads to this general result, 

 that these phenomena are caused or pro- 

 duced, by means far more simple than those 

 previously supposed, or than we even now 

 i imagine ; and it is precisely their simplicity 



