ANIMAL CHEMISTRY. 



When that supply is deficient, choleic acid I acid is known to be the ^hief constituent of 

 may be converted into hippuric acid, litho- the bezoar stones, which occur in certain 

 felHc acid, (37) and water. Lithofellic | herbivorous animals : 



2 at. hip. acid C^N'H^O 10 

 1 at. lith. acid C 40 H 36 O 8 



2 at. choleic acid 



O 10 5 



10 at. oxygen 



53. For the production of bile in the 

 animal tody a certain quantity of soda is, 

 in all circumstances, necessary; without the 

 presence of a compound of sodium no bile 

 can be formed. In the absence of soda, the 

 metamorposis of the tissues composed of 



14 at. water 



C 76 N 2 H 66 O 32 



proteine can yield only fat and urea. If we 

 suppose fat to be composed according to 

 the empirical formula C n H 10 O, then, by the 

 addition of oxygen and the elements of 

 water, to the elements of proteine, we havft 

 the elements of fat, urea, and carbonic acid 



Proteine. Water. 



2 (C 48 N 6 H 36 14 ) + 12 HO + 14 O = 

 6 at. urea . . . = 



Fat =C 66 



18 at. carbonic acid == C 18 



Oxygen. 

 H 



O 36 



The composition of all fats lies between 

 the empirical formula? C"H 10 O and C 12 H 10 O. 

 If we adopt the latter, then the elements of 

 2 at. proteine, with the addition of 2 at. 

 oxygen and 12 at. water, will yield 6 at. 

 urea, fat (C^H^O 6 ), and 12 at. carbonic acid. 



It is worthy of observation, in reference 

 to the production of fat, that the absence of 

 common salt (a compound of sodium which 

 furnishes soda to the animal organism) 

 is favorable to the formation of fat; that the 

 fattening of an animal is rendered impossi- 

 ble, when we add to its food an excess of 

 salt, although short of the quantity required 

 to produce a purgative effect. 



54. As a kind of general view of the 

 metamorphoses of the nitrogenized animal 

 secretions, attention may here be very pro- 

 perly directed to the fact, that the nitrogen- 

 ized products of the transformation of the 

 bile are identical in ultimate composition 

 with the constituents of the urine, if to the 

 laiter be added a certain proportion of the 

 elements of water. 



1 at. uric acid C : N 4 H 4 O 6 } , 

 14 at. water . . H 14 O u S-=4 



* 



1 at. uric acid C 10 N 4 H 4 O 6 1 

 1 at. urea ...C 2 N 2 H 4 O 2 >* = 

 22 at. water . . H^O 22 .) 



3 at. taurine 

 "> 3 at. ammonia N 3 H 9 



2 at. oxygen 



O 2 _) 



1 at. allantoine C 4 N 2 H 3 O 3 ? 

 1 at. water . . H 7 O 7 5 ~ 



C 4 N 2 H 10 O 10 



1 at. taurine C 4 N H 7 O 10 

 1 at. ammonia N H 3 



C4N 2 H 10 0' 



55. In reference to the metamorphoses ol 

 uric acid of the products of the transforma- 

 tion of the bile, it is not less significant, and 

 worthy of remark, that the addition of oxy- 

 gen and the elements of water to the ele- 

 ments of uric acid may yield either taurine 

 and urea, or taurine, carbonic acid, and am. 

 monia. 



2 at. taurine C 8 N 2 H 14 O 20 

 1 at. urea . C 2 N 2 H 4 O 2 



C 10 N 4 H 18 O 22 



Add 2 at. water H 2 O 2 

 C io N 4 H ao 24 



C 10 N 4 H 18 O 22 



at. taurine 



2 at. carbonic acid C 2 O 4 



2 at. ammonia N 2 H 6 



C 10 N 4 H 20 O 24 



56. Alloxan, plus a certain amount of I tains the elements of super-oxalate of am- 

 water, is identical in the proportion of ele- monia. 

 ments with taurine; and finally, taurine con- I 



1 at. alloxan* C*N 2 H 4 O" > 

 10 at. water H'O 10 f 



r2 at. oxalic acid C 4 O 6 

 1 at. taurine C 4 NH 7 O W =^ 1 at. ammonia NH 3 



(.4 at. water . . H 4 O 4 

 C 4 NH 7 O 10 



* It would be mcst interesting to investigate 

 the action of alloxan on the human body. Two 

 or three drachms, in crystals, had no injurious 

 action on rabbita to which it was given. In man, 



a large dose appeared to act only on the kidneys. 

 In certain diseases of the liver, alloxan would 

 very probably be found a most powerful remedy 



